This cross-sectional study aims to further subdivide diabetes mellitus into more homogeneous subgroups by focusing on extreme glucose metabolism phenotypes, including monogenic diabetes with β cell dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia caused by excessive β cell secretion, and postprandial hypoglycemia phenotypes. By utilizing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology and the FreeStyle Libre 2 glucose monitoring device, this study will evaluate glycemic variability patterns in patients with extreme glucose metabolism phenotypes and perform comparative analyses using existing CGM data from healthy populations and patients with type 2 diabetes in our center's database. The study aims to address current gaps in understanding glycemic variability characteristics under extreme β cell functional states, provide novel dynamic monitoring evidence to support early identification, precise classification, and personalized management of these special metabolic states, and simultaneously screen for biomarkers to enable more accurate disease identification, thereby offering potential avenues for improving personalized treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Age ≥ 18 years;
Patients with β cell dysfunction monogenic diabetes confirmed by DNA sequencing or other diagnostic testing.
Age ≥ 18 years;
Patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus;
Neonates younger than 4 months of age (congenital diabetes);
Pregnancy;
Patients with positive pancreatic autoantibody test results;
Patients with severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, hepatic disease, or renal disease;