Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major and growing public health problem and poses economic burden on the society. There is a need for a safe, equipment-free, low-cost, and easily implemented exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program for CHF patients in China. Baduanjin exercise, translated as 'eight silken movements', is one of the most common forms of traditional Chinese exercise and it could have value to be integrated into a exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program for CHF patients, together with education, evaluation and consultancy. Accordingly, the BESMILE-HF program applying the Baduanjin exercise as the central component, has been developed in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine which is one of the largest hospitals of Chinese medicine in China. This project is to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of BESMILE-HF program in patients with CHF in China, and it will be based on a randomized controlled trial and a qualitative study.
aged 18 years or above
diagnosed with chronic heart failure
clinically stable as defined as symptoms and signs that have remained generally unchanged for at least 1 month
NYHA functional class II or III
patients who have contraindications to cardiopulmonary test
patients who have contraindications to exercise training
Patients who have serious acute or chronic organic disease or mental disorders
history of cardiac surgery, cardiac resynchronization therapy, or intracardiac defibrillation within the previous 3 months;