About this trial
The goal of this clinical trial is to examine the effect plant-based diet, with a partial replacement of animal protein by plant protein, in blood sugar levels and other health risks of people with type 2 diabetes and excessive weight. The plant-based diet will be compared to a standard healthy diet according to guidelines for people with diabetes. Participants will follow a plant-based or a standard healthy diet for 24 weeks and will maintain their habitual levels of physical activity.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Adults (≥18 and ≤65 years old)
Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes;
Glycated hemoglobin from 7% to 11%;
Overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m² and <40 kg/m²);
Disqualifiers
Type 1 diabetes mellitus;
Retinopathy with vision deficit that limits the activities proposed in the interventions;
Chronic kidney disease with estimated glomerular filtration < 30 mL/min per 1.73m²;
Liver failure, chronic viral hepatitis;
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Control Diet
BehavioralHypocaloric diet to achieve a 5% weight loss with macronutrient distribution according to current guidelines for T2D: 50% of energy from carbohydrates, prioritizing those with low glycemic index; 30% from total fats and a maximum of 10% from saturated fats; 20% of energy from proteins, 15% from animal sources and 5% from plant sources. Participants will also receive printed and validated educational material, with recommendations for healthy eating, and will be instructed to maintain their habitual physical activity level.
Plant-based Diet
BehavioralHypocaloric diet to achieve a 5% weight loss. The dietary prescription was adapted from the Eat-Lancet Commission report to Brazilian population culture, with 50% of energy from carbohydrates, prioritizing those with a low glycemic index; 30% from total fats and a maximum of 5% from saturated fats; 20% from proteins, 5% from animal sources and 15% from plant sources. Participants in this group will receive printed and validated support material with recommendations for a healthy and plant-based eating, and will be instructed to maintain their habitual physical activity level.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Change in Glycated Hemoglobin
Difference between groups in glycated hemoglobin
Secondary outcomes
Glycemic Variability
For continuous glucose monitoring and assessment of glycemic variability, the FreeStyle Libre, ABBOTT® device will be used. FreeStyle Libre consists of a continuous glucose monitoring (SMCG) system. Glycemic variability will be assessed using time on target parameters of values between 70 and 180 mg/dL, time in hypoglycemia and time above target and coefficient of variability as measures of glycemic variability.
Changes in postprandial metabolism
Postprandial metabolism will be measured after the intake of liquid standard meal. Insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function will be assessed by mathematical models
Changes in body composition
Fat-free mass and fat mass will be assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance (body composition analyzer tetrapolar InBody 370S, BiospaceCo. Ltd, Seoul, South Korea). Anthropometric measures include brachial, neck, waist, hip and calf circumferences, with participants wearing light clothing and barefoot.
Changes in cardiometabolic outcomes
Lipid profile will include total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein a1 and lipoprotein (a).
Sponsors and contacts
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
Lead sponsor
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Collaborator