The presence of certain ingredients such as sodium and glycerol can facilitate retention of the fluid consumed via renal water reabsorption. To maintain overall whole-body fluid balance, it is important that ingested fluid is retained in the body instead of losing it through urination.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of sodium and glycerol concentrations at various fluid intake volumes on fluid balance in healthy, euhydrated men and women.
Subject is male or female
If female, subject is not pregnant
Subject is 18-50 years of age, inclusive
Subject is at least recreationally active (engaged in light to moderate-intensity, intermittent, or steady-state exercise at least 3 days per week for at least 30 min at a time)
Subject has participated in a clinical trial within the past 30 days
Subject has participated in any PepsiCo trial within past 6 months
Subject has a condition or is taking medication that the investigator believes would interfere with his/her ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results, or put the person at undue risk
Subject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.
Crossover
Placebo beverage, kiwi-strawberry flavor
Other intervention9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose
Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 1
Other intervention4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.
Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 2
Other intervention6.7 oz 3 times for a total of 20 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.
Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 3
Other intervention9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.
Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 1
Other intervention4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.
Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 2
Other intervention4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.
Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 3
Other intervention9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.
Base with glycerol, no electrolytes beverage 1
Other intervention4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.
Base with glycerol, no electrolytes beverage 2
Other intervention6.7 oz 3 times for a total of 20 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.
Base with glycerol, no electrolytes beverage 3
Other intervention9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.
10
Treatment groupsSee each treatment group below.
Fluid balance
Calculated as change in body mass kg and %
Urine mass
(g)
Urine specific gravity
(au)
Urine osmolality
(mosmol/kg)
Whole blood hematocrit
(%)
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
