The aim of this study is to find the effects of retro walking along with core stabilization on pain, disability and balance in non-specific chronic low back pain patients. Randomized controlled trials will be done at Railway general hospital, Rawalpindi and Care plus medical center, Islamabad. The sample size was 42. The subjects were divided in two groups, 21 subjects in group A will undergo retro-walking along with core stabilization and 21 in group B will undergo only core stabilization exercises. Conventional physical therapy protocol will apply to both groups. Sampling technique applied was purposive nonprobability sampling technique. Only 25-40 years individual with chronic low back pain were included. Tools used in the study are visual analogue scale, Oswestry Disability Index and G\&B app. Data will be analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.
Subjects of either gender.
Age range of 25-50 years.
Subjects with non-specific chronic low back pain (more than 3 months).
Subjects with VAS score equal or more than 5.
Subjects with acute injury of spine.
Subjects with ankylosing spondylitis.
Patients with referred pain.
Subjects with operative history of spine or hip.
Parallel
Retro walking and Core stabilization
Other interventionRetro walking group completed 10 min of retro walking training with 5-min warm-up and cool-down sessions 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The participants were instructed to gradually increase their walking time up to 30 min over the 6-week period. Core stabilization: With the patient in a supine position, core stabilization exercises will begin with basic activation techniques. In the first week and second week, the patient will perform Transverse abdominis drawing-in and Multifidus contraction with 2-5 seconds hold, 10 reps and 1 set. As week progress (3-6 weeks), same exercises with addition of bird-dog, bridging, plank with 10-30 seconds hold, up to 30 reps and 2 sets will be introduce. In the warm-up and cool-down sessions, the subjects were instructed to perform heel raise exercises, ankle toe movements, and gastrocnemius-soleus and hamstring stretches.
Core Stabilization
Other interventionWith the patient in a supine position, core stabilization exercises will begin with basic activation techniques. In the first week and second week, the patient will perform Transverse abdominis drawing-in and Multifidus contraction with 2-5 seconds hold, 10 reps and 1 set. As week progress (3-6 weeks), same exercises with addition of bird-dog, bridging, plank with 10-30 seconds hold, up to 30 reps and 2 sets will be introduced. The participants in core stabilization group will undergo exercise program 3 times a week and for a duration of 6 weeks.
G&B App
Changes from baseline Gait and Balnace app was developed for smart phone built-in sesor to capture structrued movement data during standing and walking activites. The app collects motion data for six standardized tasks based on clinical gait and balance protocols: Standing on a firm surface - eyes open Standing on a firm surface - eyes closed Standing on foam - eyes open Standing on foam - eyes closed Walking straight ahead Walking straight with head turns It produces numerical outcomes per task. It has no single score or risk level. It outputs raw numeric metrics for each domain. Researchers interpret these numeric outcomes relative to research context.
Visual Analouge Scale
Changes from the baseline, it is a common tool measure subjective intesnsity of pain. Its value ranging from 0 to 10 in which 0 means no pain, mild pain (1-3), moderate pain (4-6), and severe pain (7-10).
Modified Oswestry Disability Index
Changes from the baseloine, the Modified Oswestry Disability Index consists of 10 sections, each scored from 0 to 5, where higher scores indicate greater disability due to low back pain. Scores from all completed sections are summed to obtain a total raw score and then converted into a percentage by dividing by the maximum possible score (50 if all sections are completed) and multiplying by 100. The resulting percentage reflects the level of disability: 0-20% minimal, 21-40% moderate, 41-60% severe, 61-80% crippled, and 81-100% bed-bound. This scoring system enables objective quantification of functional impairment and monitoring of changes over time.
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