The hypothesis of this study is that preincisional scalp nerve block will reduce postoperative opioid use and surgical stress response compared to postincisional scalp nerve block in craniotomy surgery with general anesthesia.
Age range 18-65
ASA 1-3 score
Chronic hypertension
Arrhythmia
body mass index (BMI) over 40 kg/m2
Bleeding diathesis
Patients who will undergo cranitomy with general anesthesia
Case-control
Prospective
scalp nerve block
Procedure/Surgeryscalp nerve block is performed bilaterally by an anesthesiologist after induction of anesthesia and 5 minutes before head immobilization, according to the technique described by Pinosky et al. Prepare a syringe (20 mL) for scalp blocks. It is performed using 0.35% bupivacaine and 5 mcg epinephrine (1:2,000,000) using a 23-gauge needle inserted at a 45° angle to the skin and penetrating deeply into the outer edge of the scalp.
hemodynamic parameters
mean arterial pressure (mmHg)
amount of opioid received during surgery
remifentanil total dosage
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