Food Choice Among Individuals With an Eating Disorder Diagnosis

Trial statusRecruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexAll
Age18+
SponsorUniversity of Liverpool

About this trial

The aim of this study is to understand the impact of front of pack labelling systems such as, warning labels and traffic light labels on food choice and negative emotional response in an eating disorder(s) population group. Participants will be recruited to take part in an online study where they will be required to make hypothetical food choices. Participants will complete a baseline no label task, before being randomly assigned to (1) warning label group, (2) traffic light label group, or (3) no label group in which they will complete the same task a second time (mixed design). Each participant, irrespective of the group will be asked to complete five trials within the main task. Participants will view a selection of six packaged food items for scenarios involving labels predominately relating to (1) sugar, (2) salt, (3) fat, (4) saturated fat, and (5) calorie content of the food products. Three items will be 'high in' that particular nutrient and three items will not be high in that nutrient. Participants will be shown all six options at once and will be asked to choose one item. In total, participants will choose five different items, one from each trial. After participants have made their food choices for the second task, they will be asked questions about the task they have just completed.

Eligibility criteria

This trial does not accept healthy volunteers

Qualifiers

Current or past eating disorder diagnosis

Aged 18+

Live in the UK

Fluent English speaker

Disqualifiers

Currently partaking in a fast or any other restrictive eating

Any dietary restrictions/intolerances (eg. Vegan, Gluten-free, etc.)

Trial design

Design model

Parallel

Treatments tested in this trial

  • Front-of-pack nutrition labelling

    Behavioral

    Participants will view a selection of six packaged food items for scenarios involving labels predominately relating to (1) sugar, (2) salt, (3) fat, (4) saturated fat, and (5) calorie content of the food products. Three items will be 'high in' that particular nutrient and three items will not be high in that nutrient. Participants will be shown all six options at once and will be asked to choose one item. In total, participants will choose five different items, one from each trial.

Treatment groups

246 Participants
are divided into 3 treatment groups
Group A: No labelActive comparator 1 intervention
Group B: Traffic light labelExperimental treatment 1 intervention
Group C: Warning labelsExperimental treatment 1 intervention

Trial outcomes

Primary outcomes

1

Total number of unhealthy food items selected

Total number of selected unhealthy food items across the 5 trials will be calculated. Unhealthy food items will be coded as items eligible for a WL or a red traffic light label for the task-specific nutrient e.g., red for salt in crisp trial.

Time frame
Measured in both surveys, immediately after the intervention. The baseline task must be completed between 24 hours and 1 week prior to completing the second task.

Secondary outcomes

1

Total calories, salt, sugar, fat, saturated fat from selected food items

Total number of calories, salt (g), sugar (g), fat (g), saturated fat (g) from selected food items across the 5 trials will be calculated.

Time frame
Measured in both surveys, immediately after the intervention.
2

Negative emotional response

To be assessed using an adapted four-item measure, previously used to assess responses to health warning labels regarding snack selection (Clarke et al., 2020). Responses will be conveyed using seven-point scales: 'How afraid/worried/uncomfortable/disgusted does the label on food make you feel about consuming a product? With scores ranging from 1 (not at all afraid/worried/uncomfortable/disgusted) to 7 (very afraid/worried/uncomfortable/disgusted). A mean average will be calculated for the four items.

Time frame
Measured in survey 2, immediately after the intervention.
3

Positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS)

Negative affect is to be assessed using the shortened version of PANAS (Mackinnon et al., 1999). Only the 5 items (afraid, upset, nervous, scared, distressed) that assess negative affect will be included pre and post the food choice task, as hypotheses relate to negative affect, whereas positive affect is not anticipated to be impacted by food labelling. 'How afraid/upset/nervous/scared/distressed do you feel right now?' Responses will be conveyed using Likert scale (1=Very slightly or not at all to 5= Extremely) based on the extent of which participant feels that emotion in a particular time frame (e.g., pre task and post task). Pre- and post- food choice task responses will be used to assess whether participants experience a change in negative emotion following exposure to the labels.

Time frame
Measured in both surveys, pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention.
4

Reactance and avoidance

Two items will be taken from a 27-item scale developed for reactance to tobacco health warnings that were then used to assess responses to health warning labels regarding snack selection (Hall et al., 2016) (Clarke et al., 2020). Responses will be denoted using seven-point scales. Reactance: 'Are these labels annoying?'. Avoidance: 'Are you likely to avoid these labels?' With scores ranging from 1 (not annoying/not at all) to 7 (extremely annoying/very likely). Items will be scored separately.

Time frame
Measured in survey 2, immediately after the intervention.

Other outcomes

1

Aim guessing

Aim-guessing question will be included to help researchers identify whether participants are aware of the true purpose of the study. If participants correctly guess the aim, they may alter their behaviour to align with what they think the researcher expects, introducing bias. One researcher will code awareness of aims and a second researcher will independently verify the coding.

Time frame
Measured in survey 2, immediately after the intervention.

Sponsors and contacts

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University of Liverpool

Lead sponsor

National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom

Collaborator