This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of a Mindfulness and Compassion program to improve emotional and behavioral problems, academic performance and school climate of students in the last cycle of Primary Education.
Participants will be randomly assigned to the Cuida2 program or to an active control group practicing relaxation.
The different variables studied will be evaluated before and after the intervention, and at a three months follow-up. These evaluations will be carried out by the students and their families. In addition, a qualitative exploration will be carried out at the end of the programs, also including the teachers' perceptions.
To be a pupil, parent/guardian of a child or minor under guardianship or academic tutor in the 5th or 6th year of Primary Education.
Fluent in Spanish.
Provided informed consent.
Participant's decision to withdraw from the study at any point
Parallel
Mindfulness and Compassion Program
BehavioralThe "CUIDA2" program is an adaptation of the manual "The practice of compassion. Kindness with others and with oneself" (2019) by Dr. Javier García Campayo. It comprises a total of 9 sessions of approximately 50 minutes (one class). This program is structured in 3 modules: Module I mindfulness, module II compassion and module III convergence of the previous elements. Each module includes group dynamics, short meditation practices adapted to the trainees and the explanation of the main theoretical contents through exercises and stories.
Relaxation
BehavioralThe active control group is composed of a relaxation program consisting of 9 sessions. The sessions will be given weekly (once a week) and have an estimated duration of 50 minutes. Different breathing practices and exercises and relaxation techniques such as visualization, Jacobson's progressive relaxation and Schultz's autogenic relaxation will be used.
Child and Adolescent Assessment System (Acronym in Spanish: SENA)
It collects information on emotional and behavioural problems by means of a self-report questionnaire (8 to 12 years old) composed of 134 items where the participant has to choose one option on a five-point scale (Never or almost never to Always or almost always); examples: 'I am told that I interrupt others and that I don't let them talk', 'school is stupid'. The questionnaire evaluates four blocks of scales: I) scales of problems, composed of internalised problems (depression, anxiety, social anxiety and somatic complaints), externalised problems (attention problems, hyperactivity-impulsivity, anger control, aggression and defiant behaviour), II) contextual problems, family problems, problems with the school and with peers, III) scales of vulnerabilities, problems of emotional regulation and IV) scales of personal resources, self-esteem, integration and social competence.
Compassion Scale for Children (CSC)
This questionnaire measures three factors related to compassion: compassion for other people, compassion for oneself and compassion for other living beings. The scale consists of 20 items whose responses employ a 5-point Likert format for responses, where 1 indicates "Never," 2 means "Rarely," 3 represents "Sometimes," 4 indicates "Often," and 5 signifies "Always". The minimum score is 20 points and the maximum is 100, with the higher the score indicating a higher level of compassion.
Academic performance
Each student's academic performance will be assessed by comparing the average grade obtained in all subjects taught in the trimester before and after the intervention.
Qualitative assessment for students
Students will answer a short 7-question survey in open-ended format and Likert-type scale that covers aspects such as perceived usefulness, putting into practice what they have learned, benefits and degree of satisfaction with the programme carried out.
Semi-structured global impression interview for teachers
At the end of the intervention, a semi-structured interview will be carried out with the tutor of each class, consisting of 9 questions in an open-ended format and Likert-type scale. This interview has been designed by Carlos García Rubio and collaborators (García-Rubio et al. 2019) and collects information on the subjective perception of the feasibility of the intervention, the beneficial and detrimental effects, the general impression and the potential of the intervention.
Participant age
Age of participants, measured in years.
Course
Course attended by the student.
Gender
Participant's gender
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