Nostalgia Intervention on Alleviating Loneliness Amongst Older Adults

ConditionLoneliness
Trial statusNot yet recruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexAll
Age60+
SponsorChinese University of Hong Kong

About this trial

The proposed study will utilise a two-arm, cluster-randomised, waitlist-controlled trial to (1) examine the effects of the nostalgia intervention on loneliness, negative emotions, social connectedness, meaning in life and nostalgia amongst community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong; (2) investigate whether the effect of the nostalgia intervention on loneliness is mediated by improvements in negative emotions, social connectedness and meaning in life; and (3) explore the experiences and perceptions of older adults participating in the nostalgia interventions, focusing on their views regarding the impact of the intervention on their loneliness.

Eligibility criteria

This trial does not accept healthy volunteers

Qualifiers

older adults aged 60 years or above

residing in the community

capable of speaking and understanding Chinese

experiencing loneliness (scoring ≥3 on a three-item loneliness screening scale)

Disqualifiers

currently undergoing psychological intervention

having a clinical diagnosis of mental illness

being cognitively impaired (Abbreviated Mental Test score <6)

having visual/language/communication difficulties

Trial design

Design model

Parallel

Treatments tested in this trial

  • Nostalgia intervention

    Behavioral

    Participants in the intervention group will receive the face-to-face nostalgia intervention weekly for 5 weeks (each session lasting approximately 90 minutes), with each group consisting of 5-8 older adults. The intervention consists of 5 sessions: Session 1 (understanding nostalgia and its benefits), Session 2-4 (music/ photos/ meaningful objects and nostalgia), Session 5 (reaffirming the benefits of nostalgia).

Treatment groups

294 Participants
are divided into 2 treatment groups
Group A: Experimental: Nostalgia interventionExperimental treatment 1 intervention
Group B: Wait-list controlNo intervention 0 interventions

Trial outcomes

Primary outcomes

1

Emotional and social loneliness

The Chinese version of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. This six-item scale scores range from 0 to 6, with higher score indicates higher level of loneliness. This scale demonstrates good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.76) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.98-1.00), as well as a strong correlation with direct assessments of loneliness.

Time frame
Asessed at baseline (T0), immediate after (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-intervention
2

Existential Loneliness

Existential Loneliness Questionnaire, which comprises 22 items focused on loneliness in social ties, loneliness in close relationships and the search for meaning in life. The scores range from 22 to 132, higher scores indicate higher level of existential loneliness. The questionnaire also demonstrates good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.90).

Time frame
Asessed at baseline (T0), immediate after (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-intervention

Secondary outcomes

1

Negative emotions

The Chinese version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale consists of 21 items that assess symptoms of depression (7 items), anxiety (7 items), and stress (7 items). Each subscale scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater levels of negative emotions. The Chinese version demonstrates good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.92 to 0.94).

Time frame
Asessed at baseline (T0), immediate after (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-intervention.
2

Social connectedness

The revised Social Connectedness Scale to measure the perceived connection of participants to others in their social environment. This scale comprises 20 items measuring four aspects: belongingness, closeness, support and satisfaction. The scores range from 20 to 120, higher scores indicate greater feelings of social connectedness. This scale demonstrates good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.92) and validity.

Time frame
Asessed at baseline (T0), immediate after (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-intervention
3

Meaning in life

Meaning in Life Questionnaire, which comprises 10 items measuring presence for and search for meaning in life, to measure meaning in life. The score ranges from 10 to 70, higher scores indicates stronger sense of meaning in life. The Chinese version demonstrates good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.85).

Time frame
Asessed at baseline (T0), immediate after (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-intervention.
4

Nostalgia

The Southampton Nostalgia Scale to measure participants' nostalgia. This scale comprises five items that measure the importance participants attribute to nostalgia and two items related to frequency of nostalgia. The scores range from 7 to 49, higher scores indicate a greater dispositional tendency toward nostalgia. This scale demonstrates good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93).

Time frame
Asessed at baseline (T0), immediate after (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-intervention

Other outcomes

Locations

This trial has no locations.

Sponsors and contacts

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