Type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially when associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) is at high risk to develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and the specific impact of T2D+MS in cardiac function impairment is usually known as "diabetic cardiomyopathy" (DC). Cardiac remodelling (ie hypertrophy) and subtle myocardial dysfunction are highly prevalent in T2D+MS but not specific enough to predict further HFpEF or HFmrEF. Also, current biomarkers can identify but do not predict HFpEF or HFmrEF in T2D patients; Furthermore, specific biomarkers are needed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from a peripheral blood sample can provide insights from calcic and inflammatory pathways, and may identify more specific molecular signatures shared between T2D+MS and HFpEF.
Patient attending a scheduled cardiology or endocrinology follow-up visit
Patient fasting for blood sampling
Male or female aged 40 to 85 years inclusive
Patient not opposing participation in this research
History of cardiovascular disease (valvular disease [greater than moderate severity], radiation-induced, post-cardiotoxic chemotherapy, amyloidosis, etc.) other than HFpEF or HFmrEF
Acute or ongoing systemic inflammatory or infectious disease
History of known coronary artery disease
Uncontrolled hypertension (>160/100 mmHg)