About this trial
The goal of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of IVIg administration in conjunction with primary motor cortex BBB opening using the Next Generation Dome Helmet (NGDH) FUS in adult participants with ALS.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Diagnosed with ALS as per the Gold Coast Criteria;
Aged 18 years or older;
Capable of providing informed consent and complying with study procedures;
If taking Riluzole, on a stable dose for at least 4 weeks prior to Baseline;
Disqualifiers
Active infection/inflammation
Acute or chronic hemorrhages, specifically > 4 lobar microbleeds, and no siderosis or macrohemorrhages
Tumor/space occupying lesion causing significant mass effect
Meningeal enhancement
Trial design
Sequential
Treatments tested in this trial
Next Generation Dome Helmet Focused Ultrasound
DeviceTwo doses of IVIg will be administered 2 weeks apart. The first dose at Week 0 will be a standalone administration. The second dose at Week 2 will be combined with Next Generation Dome Helmet (NGDH) Focused Ultrasound (FUS) blood brain barrier (BBB) opening.
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 10% solution for infusion
DrugTwo doses of IVIg will be administered 2 weeks apart. The first dose at Week 0 will be a standalone administration. The second dose at Week 2 will be combined with Next Generation Dome Helmet (NGDH) Focused Ultrasound (FUS) blood brain barrier (BBB) opening. Cohort I will receive 0.2g/kg of IVIg at each dose. Cohort II will receive 0.4g/kg of IVIg at each dose. Privigen® IVIg comes in vials containing 10% active ingredient. It is supplied in 2.5 g (25 mL bottle), 5 g (50 mL bottle), 10 g (100 mL bottle), 20 g (200 mL bottle) or 40 g (400 mL bottle). The IVIg dose will be determined based on the patient's ideal body weight.
Definity® Vial for (Perflutren Lipid Microsphere) Injectable Suspension
DrugDEFINITY® Perflutren Injectable Microbubbles is an ultrasound contrast imaging agent that will be used for blood brain barrier opening during focused ultrasound. These microbubbles will be injected during the focused ultrasound procedure on the day of the second IVIg dose.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Safety of IVIg in patients with ALS
This will be assessed up through the incidence of drug-related adverse events, serious adverse events, and discontinuations due to adverse events after Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) administration.
Safety of DEFINITY® microbubbles
This will be assessed up through the incidence of drug-related adverse events, serious adverse events, and discontinuations due to adverse events after DEFINITY® infusion during focused ultrasound (FUS) blood brain barrier (BBB) opening.
Feasibility of FUS BBB opening in the motor cortex
This will be measured as detectable gadolinium enhancement at the arm, leg and bulbar regions of the motor cortex bilaterally following FUS with posterior normalization.
Safety of FUS BBB opening in the motor cortex
Incidence of BBB opening-related and FUS-related adverse events, serious adverse events, incidence of asymptomatic or symptomatic radiologic complication, such as evidence of bleeding or swelling after FUS, incidence of electrographic complication, such as epileptiform discharges on EEG, or accelerated ALS disease progression, defined as ≥ 6-point decline in the ALSFRS-R scores from Baseline to week 8.
Secondary outcomes
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid
Change in concentration of serum neurofilaments from Baseline to Week 24
Inflammatory markers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid
Change in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood inflammatory markers, including but not limited to TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, CHIT1, CHI3L1, CHI3L2, TGF-β, IL-10, and CRP
Other outcomes
Pharmacokinetics Outcome - Immunoglobulin G Concentration
Change in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/whole blood ratio of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration. This will serve as a pharmacokinetics outcome of enhanced IVIg delivery to the central nervous system after blood brain barrier opening.
Exploratory Outcomes - ALSFRS-R scores
A ≥ 4-point increase in the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R) scores or significant clinical improvement at week 8.
Exploratory Outcomes - Changes in levels of cerebral chemicals measured using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Changes in cerebral chemicals through Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). These include N-acetylaspartate (NAA), total choline (Cho), total creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (Ino), Glutamate (Glu), and Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). All measurements use the same units.
Pharmacokinetics Outcome - Neurofilament light chain levels
Change in cerebrospinal fluid and blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) post Next Generation Dome Helmet Focused Ultrasound (FUS) procedure, from week 2 to 24. This will serve as a pharmacokinetic outcome of NfL behavior post FUS procedure.
Sponsors and contacts
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Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
Lead sponsor
Focused Ultrasound Foundation
Collaborator