Tourette Syndrome (TS) children were administered Pei Tu Ning Feng Tang treatment. The differences in gut microbiota composition, peripheral blood stress hormones, oxidative stress markers, cytokines, neurotransmitters, and hair cortisol concentrations were observed before and after treatment. Combined with the differences in tic-like behavioral indicators, the therapeutic efficacy of Pei Tu Ning Feng Tang was evaluated. Additionally, TS children underwent two fNIRS examinations before and after treatment to quantitatively describe the activation of brain function by Pei Tu Ning Feng Tang and to investigate its neural mechanisms against tics. Scores were assessed before and after treatment using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Score Sheet for Pediatric Tourette Syndrome (Spleen Deficiency and Liver Hyperactivity Type) to observe the efficacy of the medication.
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Single group
Tourette Syndrome (TS) children were administered Pei Tu Ning Feng Tang treatment.
DrugPreparation of Peitu Ningfeng Decoction: Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen) 10g, Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) 10g, stir-fried Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu) 5g, Poria cocos (Fuling) 10g, Paeonia lactiflora (Hangshao) 10g, Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gouteng) 10g, honey-fried Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Zhi Gancao) 10g.Soak the above herbs (except Uncaria rhynchophylla) in boiling water for 30 minutes, then decoct for 20 minutes. Add Uncaria rhynchophylla later during the decoction process. Each dose is decocted three times: First decoction: add about 500 mL of water, bring to a boil over high heat, then simmer over low heat for 20 minutes, and filter to collect the decoction. Second decoction: add about 300 mL of water, bring to a boil over high heat, then simmer over low heat for 30 minutes, and filter to collect the decoction. Third decoction: add about 250 mL of water, bring to a boil over high heat, then simmer over low heat for 30 minutes, and filter to collect the decoction.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to detect the degree of brain function activation.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to obtain real-time changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Deoxy-Hb) in cerebral cortical tissues under specific conditions, indirectly reflecting alterations in cerebral aerobic metabolism during brain activity. Children with Tourette syndrome (TS) underwent two fNIRS examinations before and after treatment to quantitatively describe the degree of brain function activation by Pei Tu Ning Feng Tang and to investigate its neural mechanisms underlying the suppression of tics.Unit: mmol/L
Relative and absolute quantitative analysis of the gut microbiota.
Fecal samples collected from children with TS were analyzed to determine the composition and relative abundance of the gut microbiota. Additionally, representative samples were randomly selected for absolute quantitative analysis of the gut microbiota, reflecting the actual abundance of each microbial taxon and the true differences in samples before and after treatment.In relative quantitative analysis, results are expressed as percentages (%). In absolute quantitative analysis, results are reported as 16S rRNA gene copies per gram of sample (copies/g).
Determination of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Feces
In this project, fecal samples were collected from children with TS, and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in these samples were measured before and after treatment.The commonly used unit for determining SCFAs in feces is micromoles per gram of wet stool weight, i.e., μmol/g wet weight.
Analysis of Stress Hormones
Levels of stress hormones in peripheral blood were measured before and after treatment.For example, cortisol is commonly measured in nanomoles per liter (nmol/L).
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The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was administered to children before and after treatment to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the medication. Scores range from 0 to 75, with higher scores indicating greater severity.
Complete the questionnaire survey
The Pediatric Tourette Syndrome Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Score Scale (Spleen Deficiency and Liver Hyperactivity Type) was administered to children before and after treatment to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the medication. Scores range from 0 to 54, with higher scores indicating greater severity.
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Dongdong Qin
Lead sponsor
Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine
Sponsor institution
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