To analyze the relationship of anterior subcostal quadratus lumborum (QL) block compared with control block on the incidence of chronic neuropathic pain at three months post-laparoscopic retroperitoneal living kidney donor.
None
The patient was known to have a history of chronic non-cancer pain and cancer pain.
Parallel
injection of local anesthesia solution
DrugInjection of 30 mL local anesthetic solution bupivacaine 0.25%
Injection of normal saline
DrugInjection of 30 mL normal saline Natrium Chloride (NaCl) 0.9%
Neuropathic Pain Incidence: Neuropathic Pain in 4 Questionnaire
Pain that develops after a surgical procedure in the area of surgery and its radiation, persists for at least 3 months after surgery, other causes of pain (e.g. infection and history of malignancy) or pre-existing pain have been excluded. Total score: 10 Score ≤ 4 = no pain developed Score ≥ 4 = pain developed
Neuromodulation Parameter: Degree of functional interference using Behavioral Pain Interference (BPI)
The degree of pain that develops after a surgical procedure in the area of surgery and its radiation, persisting for at least 3 months after surgery, other causes of pain (eg infection and history of malignancy) or pre-existing pain have been excluded. Behavioral Pain Interference (BPI) questionnaire based on the average of questions 4, 5, and 6 1. Mild (NRS 1-3) 2. Moderate (NRS 4-6) 3. Severe (NRS 7-10)
Chronic Pain Severity: Leeds Assesment of neuropathic symptoms and sign (LANSS) scale
A measuring tool used to assess neuropathic pain and provides information to differentiate nociceptive pain from neuropathic pain. Total score: 24 \<12: Not neuropathic \>12: Neuropathic pain
Neuroinflammation Parameter: Serum Concentration of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)
Transmembrane receptors in the innate immune system. Units: ng/mL
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