Bruxism

This prospective, non-profit study aims to better understand how occlusal splints (gnathological splints) affect daytime and nighttime bruxism (teeth grinding) and clenching in adults with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles, a common form of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Bruxism and clenching are repetitive or sustained jaw muscle activities that can contribute to jaw pain and dysfunction, and their accurate diagnosis requires instrumental assessment of muscle activity. In this study, muscle activity will be objectively measured using a portable device (dia-BRUXO®) worn for 24 hours, which records the electrical activity of the chewing muscles during both wakefulness and sleep. Adult patients with TMD who are prescribed a night-time occlusal splint will undergo three 24-hour recordings: before using the splint, two weeks after starting treatment, and two months later. During each recording, participants will also report their facial pain levels and awareness of clenching or grinding during the day. Their results will be compared with those of a matched control group without TMD. The main goal is to compare jaw muscle activity between patients and healthy individuals, while secondary goals include analyzing how long the muscles are active and how these patterns relate to symptoms. By combining objective measurements and patient-reported experiences, this study seeks to clarify how occlusal splints influence muscle activity and symptoms, helping clinicians improve diagnosis and treatment of bruxism and TMD.

Bruxism is a repetitive jaw-muscle activity that may lead to tooth wear, muscle pain, headaches, and functional limitations. Current diagnostic approaches mainly rely on self-reported symptoms and clinical examination findings, which may not accurately reflect ongoing muscle activity. Digital occlusal analysis systems offer an objective method for evaluating bite force and occlusal function. The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial is to investigate whether a digital occlusal analysis system can objectively assess bruxism and monitor treatment response following Botulinum Toxin-A (BTX-A) injections. Thirty-six adults diagnosed with bruxism will be randomly assigned to receive either BTX-A injections or placebo injections into the masseter muscles. Clinical examinations, patient-reported outcomes, and digital occlusal measurements will be collected at baseline and at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. Primary outcomes include bite force characteristics, force distribution, occlusion time, disocclusion time, and center of force. Secondary outcomes include pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, muscle tenderness, functional limitation scores, and self-reported bruxism-related symptoms. This study aims to provide objective evidence regarding the usefulness of digital occlusal analysis in the diagnosis and follow-up of bruxism and to evaluate the effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin-A treatment using both objective and subjective outcome measures.

Increased distress levels and impaired sleep quality are known to exacerbate bruxism by enhancing masticatory muscle activity, leading to excessive and prolonged occlusal forces. These abnormal forces may result in occlusal trauma, which can compromise the adaptive capacity of the periodontal tissues by increasing tooth mobility, widening the periodontal ligament space, and accelerating alveolar bone loss, particularly in the presence of existing periodontal inflammation. Although occlusal trauma alone may not initiate periodontal disease, it can act as an important modifying factor in disease progression. Despite the recognized individual associations of distress, sleep quality, bruxism, and periodontal health, limited evidence exists regarding their combined impact on periodontal status among bruxers. Therefore, evaluating the influence of distress level, sleep quality, and occlusal trauma on periodontal status is essential to better understand disease progression and to facilitate comprehensive, multidisciplinary management strategies for individuals with bruxism.

The present study aims to evaluate psychological resilience as a modifier of the relationship between perceived stress and periodontal status among bruxers. Given that both stress and inflammation share common neuroendocrine and immunological pathways, resilience may play a crucial role in buffering stress-induced periodontal breakdown. Understanding this relationship could shift periodontal management toward a biopsychosocial model, integrating psychological assessment and resilience enhancement with conventional non-surgical therapy. Such insights could help design personalized periodontal care strategies addressing both biological and psychological determinants of disease progression.

This is a prospective, single-arm, open-label, pilot clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nighttime occlusive application of 10% high-concentration 35 kDa hyaluronan (HA35) gel in subjects with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). Eligible participants will apply HA35 gel to the TMJ area nightly under occlusive conditions for 8-12 hours. The primary objectives are to assess rapid pain relief and muscle over-tension reduction at 60 seconds and 12 hours after application. Safety and local tolerability will be evaluated throughout the study period. This is a minimal-risk, non-pharmacological, non-invasive intervention.

This observational cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the relationship between bruxism, anxiety, and periodontal status among fourth- and fifth-year dental students at Al-Hawash Private University. Bruxism is a parafunctional habit that may be influenced by psychological stress and anxiety, and it may be associated with periodontal changes. Dental students are an important population to study due to their academic workload and potential stress exposure. The study will assess probable bruxism, anxiety levels, and periodontal parameters to identify possible associations between these variables.

The study group will be selected from patients who previously presented with various temporomandibular disorder (TMD) complaints to the "Temporomandibular Disorders Clinic" of the Department of Complete and Removable Dentures at the Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University. During routine examinations, TMD-DC (Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) forms are completed to aid in achieving an accurate diagnosis. Subsequently, patients suspected of having TMD of masticatory muscle origin but without a definitive diagnosis are routinely referred for ultrasonographic (USG) imaging. Patients meeting these criteria will be included in the study. Participants will be divided into two groups. The first group will consist of patients who have already undergone USG imaging during their routine examination, have been definitively diagnosed with masticatory muscle disorders based on clinical and radiographic findings, and have initiated routine occlusal splint therapy in the clinic. The 12-week treatment process of these patients will not be altered in any way. At the final follow-up session after the 12-week routine treatment protocol, the TMD-DC form completed at baseline will be re-administered, and the two forms will be compared to evaluate changes in symptoms and pain levels. Another USG imaging will also be performed at this session. The second group, serving as the control group, will include patients who have previously undergone USG imaging during routine examination and have received a definitive diagnosis of masticatory muscle disorders based on clinical and radiographic evaluations, but have not yet begun treatment. Patients whose turn for treatment begins during the study period will be excluded from this group. At the end of the 12-week period, the TMD-DC form will be re-administered, and a second USG imaging will be performed. This process will not interfere with the patients' position in the treatment queue, and treatment will commence as scheduled. In the second USG session, changes in the thickness and elasticity of the masseter, temporalis, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and splenius capitis muscles will be assessed by comparing the two imaging records.

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of occlusal splint therapy and different massage techniques on pain intensity and orofacial muscle tone and stiffness in individuals with possible sleep bruxism. A secondary aim is to evaluate the effects of these interventions on oral parafunctional behaviors, disability, and sleep quality.

This prospective study aims to evaluate the clinical findings of bruxism and masseter muscle thickness in children aged 10-12 years using ultrasonography, and to assess the effects of night guard use on these parameters over time.

This randomized crossover study aims to address an important gap in manual therapy by examining the acute physiological effects of different Graston Technique application speeds (60 BPM vs. 120 BPM) on the dominant upper trapezius muscle in patients with bruxism. Although the Graston Technique is widely used, the specific impact of application speed on parameters such as muscle stiffness, muscle oxygenation, pressure pain threshold, and pain intensity remains under-investigated. By utilizing a crossover design with a 1-week washout period, this study allows for a precise within-subject comparison of the two speeds. The findings will clarify the optimal application frequency, providing objective data to guide the development of more effective, evidence-based manual therapy protocols for bruxism management.

This prospective observational case-control study aims to evaluate the association between perceived stress levels in children and their parents and the presence of clinically diagnosed bruxism in children aged 8-11 years. Children with bruxism and age-matched controls will be recruited from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Child perceived stress, parental perceived stress, parenting-related stress, and parental awareness of child stress/anxiety will be assessed using validated questionnaires. Associations between stress-related measures and bruxism status will be analyzed.

This study will investigate the effect of bruxism on dynamic balance in desk-bound individuals. Participants will be divided into two groups based on whether they are diagnosed with bruxism or not. Dynamic balance and proprioception will be compared between individuals from each group.

Awake bruxism (daytime teeth clenching or jaw tension) is a common condition that can cause jaw pain, facial pain, muscle fatigue, and reduced quality of life. Although current treatments often focus on the jaw muscles and posture, recent research suggests that changes in the brain's sensory processing may also play an important role in bruxism-related pain. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare two physiotherapy-based treatment approaches with a wait-list control group in adults with awake bruxism. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) somatosensory awareness-based training, (2) jaw and posture exercise therapy, or (3) a wait-list control group. The somatosensory training program focuses on improving body awareness and sensory perception of the face and jaw, while the exercise program includes jaw mobility, postural alignment, and cervical exercises. Both active interventions will be delivered over a 4-week period. Participants will be assessed at baseline, immediately after treatment, and during follow-up to evaluate changes over time. The main outcome of this study is orofacial pain intensity. Secondary outcomes include jaw function, sensory processing, muscle structure, oral parafunctional behaviors, and oral health-related quality of life. The results of this study may help improve physiotherapy-based treatment strategies for people with awake bruxism by addressing both physical and sensory aspects of the condition.

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of diadynamic current, one of the electrotherapy methods added to rehabilitation in the treatment of bruxism. Individuals over the age of 18 diagnosed with bruxism will be randomly assigned to one of the following groups using the sealed envelope method: rehabilitation program (control group) or rehabilitation program combined with diadynamic current (experimental group). The intervention will consist of an exercise program conducted jointly for the experimental and control groups. Participants will be given a structured exercise program to be performed in person 3 days a week for 6 weeks. In addition to the exercise program, the experimental group will receive diadynamic current treatment at each session. Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold with an algometer, muscle strength with a hand-held dynamometer, bite force with a pinch meter, maximal mouth opening with a caliper, and head posture with the craniovertebral angle. Oral habits will be evaluated using the Oral Behavior Checklist, and anxiety levels will be assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of chlorzoxazone in comparison to orphenadrine Citrate in relieving the orofacial pain in bruxers. Subjects and Methods: 60 patients above 15-years old complaining of orofacial and temporomandibular disorder/pain, with no history of chronic systemic illness, will be recruited. Patients will randomly be allocated into two groups (n=30): the first group will receive Relaxon (chlorzoxazone) twice daily for two weeks, while the second group will receive Norgesic (orphenadrine Citrate) twice daily for two weeks as well. Pain severity will be assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at day 0, 7, and day 14. In addition, a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) evaluation form will be utilized to assess the TMJ parameters before and after initiation of the treatment protocol, i.e at 0 and 14 days. Non parametric statistical analysis will be conducted to explain the results using SPSS V29.

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) interventions via mobile devices can be implemented to monitor an individual's negative health behaviors in real-time, increase awareness, and assist patients in overting those behaviors. In recent years, EMA interventions have been used to improve patients' awareness of specific oral behaviors, such as tooth clenching or awake bruxism, which can produce excessive forces on the muscles of mastication and lead to or exacerbate symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Yet, whether EMA interventions are effective in reducing oral behaviors and masticatory muscle activity in the short- and long-term, or whether they are more effective than patient education remains unclear. In this randomized clinical trial, we aim to test the effects of a 1-week EMA intervention combined with structured information on masticatory muscle activity and determine whether a combined approach including an EMA intervention and structured information is more effective in reducing masticatory muscle activity than structured information alone. Our study will have a significant impact on orofacial pain clinical research as it will provide clinically relevant measures which could inform multimodal approaches for the management of painful TMD.

This study examines the effect of electromyography biofeedback on masticatory muscles hyperactivity on patients with bruxism.

Each eligible patient will be randomly into one of two groups: Group A: The digital splint group, digital splint will be constructed to each patient. Group B: The conventional splint group, conventional splint will be constructed to each patient. * For both groups, thorough clinical examination, scaling and root-planning will be done. Patient will receive a motivational oral hygiene program with detailed explanation regarding the study process and outcome expectations. * A precise history and clinical examination will be done by (F.M) under supervision of Dr S.G. The digital splint construction method: * First, complete arch intraoral digital scans of the maxillary and mandibular arches will be performed using the intra oral scanner following the scanning protocol recommended by the manufacturer. * For inter maxillary relation recording using optical jaw tracking device, step-by-step procedure for tracking and recording the maxillomandibular relationship and mandibular motion by using an optical jaw tracking system will be illustrated to the patient. * The occlusal device will be designed using a CAD software program. * The occlusal device will be printed using a 3D printer * The occlusal device will be finished and polished manually. The conventional splint construction method: * The first step is making an impression using a quick-setting addition polyvinyl siloxane impression material. A stone model will be obtained after pouring the impression using extra-hard dental stone. * In the second visit a face bow transfer and a centric relation record will be utilized to mount the casts on a semi adjustable articulator. * For centric relation recording, a jig will be made with an incisal plateau from modeling plastic impression compound and the jig will be inserted between the central incisors. To measure centric relation as precisely as possible (by avoiding translational movement in the temporomandibular joint), * The jig will be adjusted with a scalpel to create a distance of no more than 2 mm between the maxillary and mandibular arches. Then the relation will be recorded using a fast-setting polyvinyl siloxane occlusal registration material. The occlusal registrations will be trimmed to the buccal cusp tips to be transferred accurately to the articulator without interference. * After mounting of the centric relation the protrusive record will be taken and the horizontal condylar angle will be adjusted accordingly. * The device will be fabricated from clear prosthetic resin. Production followed a standardized protocol with a minimum inter maxillary thickness of 1.5 mm and a buccal extension to 1 mm below the survey line. * The device will be finished and occlusion will be adjusted on the articulator. outcomes assessment: 1. Occlusal force distribution will be measured using osslusosense. 2. Cost effectiveness will be assessed using the following equation(CE ratio = C/E).

The effects of the hormones melatonin and cortisol, which play a highly effective role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, on teeth grinding will be scientifically evaluated. Based on the research results, more effective methods for treating patients suffering from bruxism may be identified.

Bruxism is a non-functional repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by grinding or clenching the teeth. Bruxism, characterized by the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, is a prevalent parafunctional habit affecting individuals of all ages. Stress, anxiety, and depression are the psychological factors most commonly associated with the presence of bruxism.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the genetic factors influencing bruxism, a condition characterized by teeth grinding, in a group of participants. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is there a significant association between the rs6313 polymorphism of the HTR2A gene and bruxism? * Is there a significant association between the rs6280 polymorphism of the DRD3 gene and bruxism? Participants will: Provide DNA samples for genotyping of the DRD3 (rs6280) and HTR2A (rs6313) polymorphisms. Provide RNA samples to assess changes in the expression of HTR2A and DRD3. Researchers will compare the genetic data and RNA expression levels between individuals with bruxism and those without (controls) to see if there are significant genetic differences and expression changes associated with bruxism.