Colorectal Cancer Control And Prevention

This project focuses on developing a risk prediction model for the recurrence and malignant transformation of colorectal adenomas by integrating multimodal features from both Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western medicine. Led by Dr. Wei Hongtao from Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, the primary objective is to mine clinical characteristics from both medical systems to construct a robust predictive model. The research encompasses several key aspects: a multicenter, large-sample cohort study design with a clearly defined sample size and calculation basis; patient recruitment from multiple institutions nationwide to form training and validation sets; and strict adherence to standardized TCM and Western diagnostic criteria. Through comprehensive observation of demographic, TCM clinical (e.g., syndromes, tongue and pulse diagnosis), and Western clinical features, the study ensures data accuracy via rigorous monitoring and follow-up. Various algorithms are employed to extract and analyze these multi-source features-including endoscopic data-to build and evaluate the prediction model. Furthermore, the study aims to identify dominant subgroups to optimize TCM intervention strategies. Key performance indicators include establishing the risk model, identifying target populations, publishing high-quality papers, and training graduate students. By innovatively constructing this multimodal fusion model, the project provides a novel perspective and evidence-based foundation for the prevention and treatment of colorectal adenomas using TCM.

The purpose of this study is to improve life-expectancy concordant colorectal cancer screening for adults over 75 years through design and testing of a life expectancy notification to clinicians delivered via the electronic health record. This study has three components: 1. The investigators will develop a life expectancy prediction model using patient data from the Cleveland Clinic electronic health record (EHR) and test it against two existing life expectancy prediction models to determine which should be used in clinical care. This is an observational cohort study. 2. Concurrently with the development and testing of the life expectancy prediction model, the investigators will conduct interviews with clinicians to generate knowledge regarding the optimal way to integrate life expectancy information into decision making about colorectal cancer screening in patients over 75 years. This is a qualitative study. 3. The investigators will then conduct a cluster randomized trial of a clinical decision support-delivered life expectancy notification on life expectancy-congruent colorectal cancer screening orders by primary care clinicians.

Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) for colonoscopy aims to enhance optical diagnosis but often underperforms when used alongside humans due to under-reliance on AI. Psychological interventions like cognitive forcing, such as delaying CADx suggestions, may improve human-AI interaction by fostering critical assessment. However, their impact on patient-important outcomes remains unexplored. The investigators will conduct an ex-vivo randomized study with 70 endoscopists assessing 100 polyp videos (≤5 mm) using a CADx tool (GI Genius, Medtronic). Participants will be randomized to either: * Intervention group: CADx suggestions will be shown in the last 3 seconds of the 15 second polyp video. * Control group: CADx suggestions will be shown in real-time throughout the playback of the 15 second polyp video. The primary endpoint is sensitivity for high-confidence neoplasia detection, with secondary endpoints assessing endoscopists' reliance on AI. CADx systems on the market function in various ways, such as real-time, delayed, or on-demand diagnosis. Our study aims to inform users and manufacturers whether cognitive forcing through delayed CADx suggestions enhances human-AI interaction, leading to improved clinical outcomes.

In a multicentric randomized controlled trial, we will compare standard surgery (consisting in removal of the primary cancer) followed by 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy associated with 3 cycles of oxaliplatin-based PIPAC (4-6 weeks apart), to standard surgery followed by 6 months of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (routine treatment), in patients with colorectal cancer at high risk for metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis (pT4 pN0-2 cM0 pMMR colorectal cancer of the colon, colorectal junction or high rectum and/or with positive cytology) in terms of 1-year and 3-year peritoneal metastasis-free survival (as measured by imaging and/or surgical exploration), 1-year and 3-year disease-free survival, as well as 1-year and 3-year overall survival. In terms of outcomes measurement, patients in both groups will benefit from diagnostic laparoscopy at 6 months from the index surgery, and standard surveillance consisting in clinical examination, CEA determination and thoraco-abdominal CT at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after index surgery.

Stoma creation is a common surgical procedure, employed in certain contexts within general surgery, particularly in colorectal and emergency surgery. Although stoma formation is a life-saving technique, the diversion of intestinal contents has pathophysiological, aesthetic, and psychological repercussions on patients' lives. Stomas may be either permanent or temporary. In temporary cases, a second intervention is required to perform ileostomy closure and restore normal intestinal transit. Several studies indicate that stimulation of the efferent loop prior to ileostomy closure yields benefits in patients' postoperative outcomes. Currently, there is no established protocol for this intervention at Hospital Universitario La Paz. However, implementing such a protocol-given that it is a simple, inexpensive, and accessible intervention-could offer significant cost-effectiveness. It may reduce complications and hospital stay, improve patients' quality of life, and represent a valuable contribution to the General Surgery Departmen

The aim of the study is to evaluate the appropriateness of colonoscopy prescription and the impact of colonoscopies in diagnostic performance in order to develop and validate a predictive model for selecting patients most likely to present with significant lesions and thus lower costs and waiting lists.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the digestive tract, which constitutes a major public health burden. Almost 90% of CRC cases progress from precursor adenomatous polyps through adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Endoscopic detection and removal of colorectal adenoma (CRA) could reduce the incidence and mortality risk of CRC, but the recurrence rate is still high. Therefore, chemoprevention is quite important, not only solve the urgent public health problem, but also be cost-effective. In 2020, the investigators published a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study (NCT02226185) in the Lancet Gastroenterology \& Hepatology. The result concluded that oral BBR for 2 years significantly reduced recurrence after endoscopic removal of CRA (RR 0.77, 95%CI 0.66-0.91; p=0.001). BBR also has a significant preventive effect on all polypoid lesions, including adenomas and serrated lesions (adjusted RR 0.78, 95%CI 0.66-0.91; p=0.002) . Does BBR still have a long-term protective effect on the recurrence of CRA after discontinuation? That's what the investigators concerned. The present study is performed to observe and compare retrospectively the recurrence rate of CRAs in patients of the original BBR RCT study (NCT02226185) within 6 years after discontinuation of medication, including the overall recurrence rate of traditional adenomas within the first year, 1-3 years, 3-6 years, and the entire follow-up period of 6 years. The aim is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of BBR in preventing recurrence and carcinogenesis after endoscopic resection of CRAs.

The aim is to clinically, endoscopically, and molecularly characterize patients with multiple colorectal adenomas, establish the indication for genetic testing to rule out hereditary syndromes and identify the genes to be included, and improve endoscopic screening recommendations for these patients and their relatives.

This study will examine the effectiveness of a 7-minute informational video using the threat and coping components of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) reduces alcohol intention and behaviour among young Canadian adults. Our aim is to determine whether perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, response efficacy and self-efficacy are associated with goal intentions to reduce drinking alcohol, and whether goals intentions to reduce alcohol drinking are associated with actual reductions in alcohol use among this population. Participants will be randomized to view either a specific PMT-video or a non-specific video on coffee and then complete questionnaires that relate to the PMT constructs. Intention and behaviour to drink alcohol will be compared between the two conditions over a 4-week period.