Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common clinical arrhythmias. Catheter ablation is an effective therapeutic strategy; however, recurrence rates remain substantial, ranging from 20% to 45%. Previous studies have established a strong association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the risk of AF recurrence following ablation. While continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard intervention for OSA, and some observational studies suggest it may reduce post-ablation recurrence in patients with comorbid OSA, small randomized controlled trials have failed to confirm a clear benefit, potentially due to poor adherence. This study aims to evaluate the clinical benefit of post-ablation CPAP therapy in AF patients with comorbid OSA. Participants will: * Be randomly assigned to either the CPAP group or the usual care group. * If in the CPAP group, use a CPAP device for 12 months. * Wear an ambulatory ECG recorder for a 7-day period at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-operation. * Complete follow-up checkups either at the clinic or over the phone at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after their procedure.

Oral unintentional leak is a common side effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment. Management of oral unintentional leakage has not been standardized and the effectiveness of potential approaches have not been studied in controlled studies. Higher levels of CPAP are associated with higher leak. In the present study, a sequential approach to control excessive unintentional leak will be tested. In study A, the reduction of therapeutic CPAP level will be tested. In study B, oronasal CPAP will be compared to nasal CPAP with a chinstrap.

Oral unintentional leak is a common side effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment. Management of oral unintentional leakage has not been standardized and the effectiveness of potential approaches have not been studied in controlled studies. Higher levels of CPAP are associated with higher leak. In the present study, a sequential approach to control excessive unintentional leak will be tested. In study A, the reduction of therapeutic CPAP level will be tested. In study B, oronasal CPAP will be compared to nasal CPAP with a chinstrap.

The most common cardiac surgeries are myocardial revascularization and valve replacement or plastic surgery. In the postoperative period of cardiac surgeries, the incidence of pulmonary complications ranges from 30% to 50% and is associated with increased length of hospital stay and morbidity and mortality. To reduce or minimize the occurrence of these complications, respiratory physiotherapy employs positive pressure reexpansion therapies, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive pressure support with positive end-expiratory pressure (PS+PEEP). The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the effects of two positive pressure therapies, CPAP versus PS+PEEP, on the incidence of pulmonary complications in patients in the postoperative period of myocardial revascularization and valve replacement or plastic surgery, with mild to moderate pulmonary dysfunction. The main question it aims to answer is: Do patients in the immediate postoperative period of myocardial revascularization or valve replacement/plastic surgery, exhibiting mild to moderate pulmonary dysfunction, experience a comparable reversal of pulmonary conditions when treated with PS+PEEP versus CPAP? Participants will undergo the following assessments: spirometry, respiratory muscle strength testing, handgrip strength testing, and electrical impedance tomography. In the immediate postoperative period, participants will be randomized into two treatment groups: • Control Group PS+PEEP - application of 4 sets of 20 repetitions with PS to provide a tidal volume equal to 10ml/kg of predicted body weight, PEEP equal to 10 cmH2O, and inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) to achieve peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) between 92-94%; • Experimental Group CPAP - application of CPAP at 10 cmH2O with FiO2 to achieve SpO2 between 92-94% for 30 minutes.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice, significantly increasing the risks of death, stroke, heart failure, cognitive impairment, and dementia, thus severely impacting patients' quality of life. However, for AF patients with concomitant cardiovascular risk factors, particularly those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the success rate of catheter ablation is significantly reduced. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is currently an effective treatment for OSA, effectively correcting nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep caused by OSA. However, the effect of CPAP therapy on AF recurrence in patients with OSA undergoing catheter ablation remains controversial. Faced with conflicting research findings, our team recently conducted a meta-analysis (registration number CRD42023398588) to assess the impact of CPAP on AF recurrence post catheter ablation in patients with AF and OSA, suggesting that CPAP significantly reduces AF recurrence post catheter ablation (RR = 0.58, P \< 0.01). However, considering the limited number of included studies, potential bias risks, and confounding factors, our meta-analysis results await further confirmation through real-world studies by our team. Therefore, our team plans to conduct further research on the impact of CPAP on AF recurrence post catheter ablation in patients with moderate to severe OSA, aiming to provide clinical guidance for the treatment of AF in patients with moderate to severe OSA.

The goal of this study is to Detect and Screen different nasal complications of using CPAP in neonates and infants and reach a consensus about minimizing nasal problems of CPAP in neonates and infants