Hemoptysis

This clinical trial aims to compare two different ways of giving a medication called tranexamic acid to patients who are coughing up blood (a condition known as hemoptysis). Coughing up blood can be a serious medical issue that needs to be stopped quickly. Tranexamic acid is a well-known medication that helps blood to clot and stops bleeding. Usually, this medication is given through an intravenous (IV) line directly into a vein. However, doctors are now studying if giving the medication through a breathing mask (nebulizer) might work just as well or better. A nebulizer changes the liquid medicine into a fine mist so the patient can breathe it directly into their lungs, targeting the exact area where the bleeding is happening. To find out which method is better, researchers will randomly assign 170 adult patients who come to the hospital coughing up blood into two equal groups: Group 1: Will receive the tranexamic acid medication inhaled through a nebulizer mask. Group 2: Will receive the tranexamic acid medication through a standard IV line. The main goal of the study is to see which treatment is more successful at completely stopping the bleeding within 24 hours. Researchers will also closely monitor the patients to see how quickly the bleeding stops, how long patients need to stay in the hospital, and if there are any side effects from either treatment method.

Conflicting evidence exist in the literature on the utility of bronchoscopy in patients with haemoptysis and negative/non-diagnostic chest CT scan. The primary aim of this prospective, observational, multicenter study is to evaluate the utility of bronchoscopy in patients with haemoptysis and negative/non-diagnostic CT scans. Secondary aims are related to the utility of bronchoscopy to detect occult malignancies, the source of the bleeding and the clinical features of the cohort