Hyperinsulinism

The primary objective of the study is to assess metabolic plasma markers of insulin resistance in patients with early-stage HER2-negative breast cancers receiving dapagliflozin concomitant with neoadjuvant therapy.

The study aims to investigate the relationship between fasting insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) across various demographic factors, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis. By analyzing these variables, the study seeks to identify potential variations in insulin levels, which could provide valuable insights into the impact of different factors on metabolic health and the development of insulin-related conditions.

The investigators are doing this study to learn more about how to prevent type 2 diabetes in teenage girls. The purpose of this study is to find out if taking part in a cognitive-behavioral therapy group, exercise training group, or a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and exercise training groups, decreases stress, improves mood, increases physical activity and physical fitness, and decreases insulin resistance among teenagers at risk for diabetes.

This observational 'recruit by genotype' study aims to provide insights into the cellular and molecular pathways underlying beta cell disorders and their physiological consequences. Eligible individuals are those with and without a pathogenic genetic variant, acting as case and control, respectively. Using a "recruit by genotype" approach, the researchers will perform detailed and specific analysis according to the individual's genetic variant. The study's main aims are to : 1) identify and describe biomarkers and cellular features in blood samples that occur because of the rare causal genetic variant; 2) study the altered physiology or cellular function that are due to the rare causal genetic variant. Participants will attend a study visit that will entail: * Consent * Data collection * Height and weight measures * Blood samples * MRI (optional), dependent on genotype and sub-study objectives. There is no treatment and the participants' normal clinical care will be unaffected and will continue uninterrupted. A small subset of participants may be invited for further sub-studies in the future. Researchers may recruit sex-matched healthy controls (without the variant of interest) with similar age and BMI (age: +/-15%, BMI: +/- 3 kg/m2) for specified case-control studies.

The purpose of the study is to provide access to 18F-DOPA PET to patients at Washington University and assess the utility of 18F-DOPA PET/MRI as a preoperative tool to detect and localize focal lesions in the pancreas that are causing hyperinsulinism.

The aim of the present study is to investigate a) the presence of subclinical markers of vascular, myocardial and endothelial function in women with PCOS b) the acute alterations in these markers during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) c) the impact of potential treatment interventions in these markers.

The goals of this project are to build an experimental tool to dissect out in vivo pancreatic beta cell mass (BCM) and beta cell function (BCF) and to assess for the first time these two determinants of beta cell functional mass (BCFxM) in obesity and in various stages of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The goal of this study is to test whether monitoring insulin levels and using pioglitazone to treat hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in patients treated with Alpelisib for metastatic breast cancer is feasible and safe, and to assess the rates of glycemic control, dose reductions and treatment discontinuation and the progression free survival of patients treated with this regimen.