Leptomeningeal Metastasis

This phase I study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of whole brain low dose radiotherapy (WB-LDRT) combined with ICI and intrathecal chemotherapy for treatment of refractory meningeal metastasis of lung cancer.

A Prospective Study of Zorifertinib Combined with Intra-Ommaya Reservoir Cerebrospinal Fluid Chemotherapy for Leptomeningeal Progression in NSCLC Patients After Third-Generation EGFR-TKI Therapy

The goal of this clinical trial is to explore the efficacy and safety of double-dose third-generation EGFR-TKI combined with bevacizumab and intrathecal chemotherapy in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with leptomeningeal metastasis that progressed after prior standard-dose third-generation EGFR-TKI treatment. It also aims to investigate the correlation between cerebrospinal fluid genetic characteristics and prognosis as well as subsequent efficacy prediction in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis after resistance to standard-dose third-generation EGFR-TKI. The main questions it intends to answer are: Does this combined treatment regimen improve leptomeningeal metastasis response rate (LM-ORR) evaluated by RANO-LM? What adverse events occur in patients during the treatment with this combined regimen? Researchers will conduct a single-arm phase II prospective study to assess the effectiveness and safety of the combined treatment, without a control group comparison. Participants will: Receive double-dose third-generation EGFR-TKI (osimertinib 160mg qd, furmonertinib 160mg qd, or almonertinib 220mg qd) + intrathecal pemetrexed (induction phase: 10mg twice a week for 4 weeks; maintenance phase: 10mg once a week for 4 weeks; consolidation phase: 30mg every 4 weeks until disease progression or intolerable toxicity) + bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg. Undergo screening assessments within 28 days before enrollment, including tumor imaging, laboratory tests, and cerebrospinal fluid examination. During the treatment period, conduct regular checkups and tests (such as blood routine, blood biochemistry, electrocardiogram, and imaging examinations) according to the protocol (once every 4 weeks in the first two treatment cycles, then once every 8 weeks). Complete quality of life assessment using the QLQ-C30 scale every 4 weeks and record changes in neurological symptoms and ECOG scores.

The goal of this clinical trial is to clarify the efficacy and safety of the high-dose alternate-day furmonertinib in NSCLC with leptomeningeal metastasis. It will also explore the mechanism by which the high-dose alternate-day administration regimen enhances efficacy from a pharmacokinetic perspective, and investigate the impact of co-occurring mutations on the efficacy and prognosis of furmonertinib in the treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC with leptomeningeal metastasis. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the high-dose alternate-day administration regimen have definite efficacy? Does the high-dose alternate-day administration regimen have favorable safety? Does the high-dose alternate-day administration regimen improve efficacy by increasing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration and CSF penetration rate of the drug? Which co-occurring mutations may affect the efficacy and prognosis of patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC and leptomeningeal metastasis? Participants will enter Cohort A (320mg qod po) or Cohort B (160mg qd po) to receive furmonertinib based on their own willingness and the clinician's decision, until disease, progression or uncontrollable adverse reactions occur. All patients in Cohort A will undergo efficacy and safety evaluation, with some also participating in pharmacokinetic study; patients in Cohort B will only undergo pharmacokinetic study. Efficacy and safety evaluation will be conducted through imaging examinations, neurological function assessment scales, quality of life self-assessment scales, and adverse event records. Pharmacokinetic study will be carried out by detecting the plasma concentrations and CSF concentrations of furmonertinib and its active metabolites, and calculating the CSF penetration rate for evaluation.

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The incidence of LM in NSCLC patients is around 3-5 %, reaching 9.4 % of those with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. Generally, the efficacy of systemic treatment for LM is limited due to the blood-brain barrier. Osimertinib has a high central nervous system penetration rate, making it the preferred first-line treatment for EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Previous studies indicated that osimertinib had shown promising efficacy in pretreated patients harboring EGFR mutations and LM. However, intracranial disease progression eventually develops, and the prognosis of patients with LM progression after osimertinib is poor. Recently, intrathecal chemotherapy with pemetrexed (IP) was reported to be an alternative treatment in patients with NSCLC and LM. The results from a phase I/II trial examining the efficacy and safety of IP in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC after the failure of previous TKI, and 83% of study enrollees received osimertinib before IP. The clinical response rate was 84.6%, and the median overall survival was 9.0 months. Despite initial promising efficacy, further trials are needed to verify these results. Therefore, the investigators plan to conduct a prospective study to examine the safety and effectiveness of IP combined with EGFR-TKI for patients with EGFR mutant NSCLC after osimertinib failure.

This is a prospective, single-arm, phase Ia clinical study, which was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Pemetrexed Combined With Bevacizumab Intrathecal Injection in Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastases in NSCLC.

The purpose of this study is to find out how much tratuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) can penetrate the tumor when injected into the body, and whether T-DXd may be an effective treatment for brain cancers that express the HER2 protein.

Pemetrexed is one of the first-line chemotherapeutic agents for non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since 2017, intrathecal pemetrexed has shown good efficacy for patients with leptomeningeal metastases from NSCLC. It has been recommended as the preferred drug for intrathecal chemotherapy by the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) guidelines. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) play a promising role in treating non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. An international multi-center clinical study published in 2019 confirmed that double dose of osimertinib showed significant improvement in leptomeningeal metastases from NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R/T790M mutation. It makes TKIs the mainstay of treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC with leptomeningeal metastases. However, the choice of treatment after resistance to targeted therapy is a hot topic in clinical practice, with 78% of patients in the study above who responded to double-dose osimertinib still showing progression at the time of follow-up. The purpose of this study was to observe the safety and efficacy of intrathecal pemetrexed for leptomeningeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma that progressed after a double dose of a third-generation TKI such as osimertinib.

This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled, open-label investigator-initiated clinical study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and quality of life of intrathecal chemotherapy through Ommaya reservoir in combination with systematic chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy alone in patients with Her-2 negative breast cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy of tucatinib and capecitabine in combination with intrathecal trastuzumab on overall survival rate at 12 months in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with proven leptomeningeal evolution and requiring intrathecal therapy.

Intrathecal chemotherapy is one of the mainstay treatment options for leptomeningeal metastases. Pemetrexed is one of the first-line chemotherapeutic agents for non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since 2017, intrathecal pemetrexed has shown good efficacy for patients with leptomeningeal metastases from NSCLC. It has been recommended as the preferred drug for intrathecal chemotherapy by the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) guidelines. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) play a promising role in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Due to its small molecule properties, it can effectively penetrate the central nervous system barrier and deliver an effective antitumor effect. An international multi-center clinical study published in 2019 confirmed that double-dose of osimertinib showed significant improvement in leptomeningeal metastases from NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R/T790M mutation. It makes TKIs the mainstay of treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC with leptomeningeal metastases. However, whether third-generation small molecule TKI drugs (e.g. 'osimertinib') combined with intrathecal pemetrexed could benefit patients with LM from EGFR- mutant NSCLC remains undetermined.

This is a multi-center, open-label, two-cohort study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of SHR-A1811 in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer with brain and leptomeningeal metastases, and the efficacy and safety of SHR-A1811 in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer with brain but without leptomeningeal metastases.

This is an open-label, multicenter, Phase 1 study to determine the safety and efficacy of multiple doses at defined intervals of rhenium (186Re) obisbemeda (rhenium-186 nanoliposome, 186RNL) administered via intraventricular catheter for any primary solid tumor cancer with leptomeningeal metastases to identify an MTD/MFD for a given dose, interval duration, and number of doses.

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are a relatively rare site of metastasis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and LM patients have a poor prognosis. Numerous retrospective studies have reported that high-dose Firmonertinib can also effectively increase patient prognosis and have tolerable side effects, but there is a lack of prospective studies to confirm this. In addition, there are currently no good biomarkers for monitoring the efficacy of LM treatment. cfDNA testing can be used for early cancer screening, monitoring tumor progression, evaluating treatment response, and discovering drug resistance mechanisms. Due to the influence of the blood-brain barrier, the level of cfDNA in the plasma of LM patients is often very low, and the detection of cfDNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is more advantageous. Therefore, exploring the dynamic monitoring of LM treatment efficacy using CSF cfDNA is of great significance for improving patient prognosis. Based on this, the applicant intends to conduct a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, post-market exploratory clinical trial on the treatment methods and efficacy monitoring of NSCLC-LM patients. The aim was to explore whether cfDNA has the potential to become a biomarker for LM efficacy monitoring and to validate the efficacy and safety of high-dose fumatinib combined with intrathecal injection in the treatment of NSCLC-LM patients.

This study focuses on developing an innovative, artificial intelligence-based model using optic nerve sheath ultrasound videos to predict intracranial pressure in lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. The study also aims to create a multimodal clinical prognosis model that can help improve patient outcomes. By analyzing ultrasound data from patients at two major medical centres, the research seeks to provide more accurate and early predictions of complications related to elevated intracranial pressure, ultimately improving treatment and management strategies for these patients.

Leptomeningeal metastasis, characterized by tumor cells infiltrating and proliferating in the subarachnoid space, represents a distinct pattern of central nervous system involvement and is a fatal complication of malignant tumors. This phase I/II study is to evaluate the recommended dose, safety, feasibility, and therapeutic response of intrathecal Programmed Death-1 (PD-1)/Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) bispecific antibodies combined with pemetrexed in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis.

Leptomeningeal metastasis, characterized by tumor cells infiltrating and proliferating in the subarachnoid space, represents a distinct pattern of central nervous system involvement and is a fatal complication of malignant tumors. This phase I/II study is to evaluate the recommended dose, safety, feasibility, and therapeutic response of intrathecal PD-1/VEGF bispecific antibody plus pemetrexed in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis.

This phase I/II study is to evaluate the recommended dose, safety, feasibility, and therapeutic response of intrathecal dual checkpoint inhibitor (targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 with QL1706) in combination with pemetrexed in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis.

Leptomeningeal metastasis is a rare but serious complication to cancer, with a grave prognosis. No efficient treatment exists. Recent data suggest that craniospinal radiotherapy lead to superior survival and CNS control compared to focal photon radiotherapy. We want to offer Danish patients the new treatment, but within a protocol, as this is new data with an new treatment principle

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the intraventricular injection of Pemetrexed and Nivolumab works to treat refractory non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastases. The main questions to answer are: * Is the combination of Pemetrexed and Nivolumab safe to inject? * How effective is the combination in disease control? Participants will： * Intrathecal injection of 30 mg pemetrexed via Ommaya reservoir, once every 4 weeks until disease progression; * Intrathecal injection of 40 mg nivolumab via Ommaya reservoir, once every 4 weeks until disease progression; * Before each intrathecal administration, a preliminary intrathecal injection of dexamethasone, 5 mg/2 mL, is given.

The primary objective of this clinical study is to evaluate the efficacy of high-dose furmonertinib combined with bevacizumab and pemetrexed (triple therapy) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with leptomeningeal metastasis and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (EGFRm) through overall survival (OS). The secondary objectives are to further assess the efficacy of the triple therapy in patients with EGFRm and leptomeningeal metastasis, including time to treatment failure (TTF), leptomeningeal objective response rate (ORR-LM), and clinical response rate.The study will also evaluate the impact of the triple therapy on quality of life using the EORTC QLQ-C30 scale and assess the safety of the therapy in EGFRm NSCLC patients with leptomeningeal metastasis, focusing primarily on adverse events and their severity (graded according to CTCAE v5.0), as well as their frequency.The exploratory objectives are to assess changes in intracranial pressure and the improvement rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) before and after the triple therapy treatment. Additionally, the study will compare the genomic and epigenomic profile changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from peripheral blood and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from cerebrospinal fluid before and after treatment, and analyze their correlation with clinical outcomes, drug efficacy, and other clinical indicators. The primary endpoint of this study is overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints include time to treatment failure (TTF), leptomeningeal objective response rate (ORR-LM), clinical response rate, and quality of life assessment (EORTC QLQ-C30).The safety endpoints are adverse events and their severity (graded according to CTCAE v5.0), as well as the frequency of occurrence. A total of 60 patients are planned to be enrolled, targeting eligible advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations and leptomeningeal metastasis. The intervention consists of furmonertinib (240 mg/d, po) combined with bevacizumab (15 mg/kg, every 3 weeks, ivgtt) and pemetrexed (50 mg) intrathecal chemotherapy / pemetrexed (500 mg/m²) intravenous chemotherapy, administered every 3 weeks.

Leptomeningeal disease is malignant seeding of the leptomeninges and presents with a variety of symptoms frequently impacting quality of life. With improvement in treatment options, rates of leptomeningeal disease are increasing and currently found in up to 9% of EGFR mutant NSCLC. Systemic therapy may be more effective if it can target the correct molecular aberration. The molecular characterization of central nervous system disease may differ from disease outside of the central nervous system. The aim of this pilot trial is to evaluate for molecular differences between cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) through the use of ddPCR and BC Cancer NGS panel molecular testing.

We aim to compare the efficacy and safety of double Dose of Third-generation EGFR-TKI Plus Intrathecal Pemetrexed Versus double Dose of Third-generation EGFR-TKI in patients with leptomeningeal progression following the treatment of routine dose of EGFR-TKI,

The goal of this project is to develop and validate a reproducible scorecard for the neurological assessment of patients with leptomeningeal metastases that can be used in clinical trials including such patients, as well as in clinical practice.

This is a open-label, multi-center prospective observation study for the efficacy and safety of intraventricle pemetrexed disodium via ommaya reservoir in the treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis with lung cancer who have failed at least one targeted therapy. In detail: At least the treatment failure was after third-generation EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutated lung cancer; or at least the treatment failure was after second-generation ALK-TKIs in ALK-mutated lung cancer; or at least the treatment failure was after one-line of targeted-TKIs in ROS1-mutated non-squamous non-small lung cancer.