Liver Disease

The proposed study aims to evaluate, investigate, and follow-up patients suffering from acute and chronic liver disease. The study will focus on understanding diseases affecting the liver. Patients participating in the study will first undergo a routine check-up as an outpatient. They will be asked to provide blood and urine samples for laboratory testing and will undergo an ultrasound of the liver. Ultrasound examinations use sound waves to determine the size and texture of the liver. After the initial visit subjects will be requested to follow-up once a year at the outpatient department for a similar check-up. Additional tests may be requested throughout the study to provide information for other research studies and individual consent will be requested. These tests may include liver biopsies, skin biopsies, and / or specialized blood, plasma, and lymphocyte examinations. Subjects that qualify for medications presently being studied may be offered the opportunity to benefit from experimental therapy.

This study is a cross-sectional survey-based study. The main goal of this study is to investigate the attitudes, perceptions, and clinical practice in assessing liver fibrosis following a metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) diagnosis, and the management of MASLD patients among Chinese physicians in the departments of endocrinology / hepatology / infection / gastroenterology in Grade IIIA hospitals in provincial capitals or municipalities.

Physical frailty is common in patients awaiting liver transplantation and has been associated with poor health outcomes. There is promising data from small studies showing that behavioural, nutrition, exercise therapy (prehabilitation) improves physical function in patients while they are waiting for a liver transplant. The proposed trial will assess if a 12-week online prehabilitation program improves physical function in patients listed for liver transplantation. Over 4 years, 177 patients will be recruited from 6 transplant centres across Canada and will be randomized to receive either the online prehabilitation program or usual care. The primary outcome of physical function will be evaluated using the FTSST at baseline and 12 weeks (or last timepoint before transplant) assessed virtually or in-person. Secondary outcomes include liver specific physical frailty, aerobic fitness, health-related quality of life (QoL), participant experience and acceptability. Exploratory outcomes include other virtual and in-person physical function measures, covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE), sarcopenia, malnutrition, adherence, behaviour factors, clinical and post-transplant outcomes. Results will be compared between the intervention and usual care groups.

This study is a blood sample collection study, collecting venous and capillary blood samples from adult patients in the UK, with a range of health conditions. The purpose of this study is to collect blood samples to help develop, improve, and fine-tune new and existing diagnostic tests for the cobas® lumira instrument. This instrument is a diagnostic medical device with single-use test strips, that allows diagnostic testing right at the patient's side. The aim is to improve doctors' ability to monitor health conditions more quickly and easily. Approximately 30,000 patients are expected to participate in this study, across multiple UK sites.

This clinical trial aims to find out if a digital behavioral program, delivered through the SIPPA digital therapeutics app, can help improve blood sugar control and lower the risk of liver fibrosis in adults with type 2 diabetes who are at low to moderate risk for liver disease. Main Research Question: Can adding the SIPPA behavioral program to standard diabetes care lower HbA1c (a marker of blood sugar control) more than standard care alone? Study Design: The study has two groups (called "arms") for comparison: Arm 1: Control Group Subgroup 1.1: Participants receiving standard care without GLP-1 medication. Subgroup 1.2: Participants receiving standard care with GLP-1 medication. Arm 2: Intervention Group Subgroup 2.1: Participants receiving standard care without GLP-1 medication, plus the SIPPA behavioral program. Subgroup 2.2: Participants receiving standard care with GLP-1 medication, plus the SIPPA behavioral program. Researchers will compare outcomes across the matched groups in each arm to evaluate the impact of the SIPPA program. What Participants Will Do: All participants will have lab tests at the start of the study, at 3 months, and at 6 months. These tests include: * HbA1c (a measure of average blood sugar levels), * Fib-4 score (used to estimate liver fibrosis risk), and * Liver enzyme tests. Participants in the intervention group (Arm 2) will also: * Use the SIPPA app daily to complete behavioral modules, track blood sugar * levels, and log health behaviors (like diet and activity). * Have weekly check-ins with a health navigator to support progress and stay on track with their diabetes treatment plan.

The gut microbiota is critical to health and functions with a level of complexity comparable to that of an organ system. Dysbiosis, or alterations of this gut microbiota ecology, have been implicated in a number of disease states. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), defined as infusion of feces from healthy donors to affected subjects, is a method to restore a balanced gut microbiota and has attracted great interest in recent years due to its efficacy and ease of use. FMT is now recommended as the most effective therapy for CDI not responding to standard therapies. Recent studies have suggested that dysbiosis is associated with a variety of disorders, and that FMT could be a useful treatment. Randomized controlled trial has been conducted in a number of disorders and shown positive results, including alcoholic hepatitis, Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), pouchitis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hepatic encephalopathy and metabolic syndrome. Case series/reports and pilot studies has shown positive results in other disorders including Celiac disease, functional dyspepsia, constipation, metabolic syndrome such as diabetes mellitus, multidrug-resistant, hepatic encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, pseudo-obstruction, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) or Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) infection, radiation-induced toxicity, multiple organ dysfunction, dysbiotic bowel syndrome, MRSA enteritis, Pseudomembranous enteritis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and atopy. Despite FMT appears to be relatively safe and efficacious in treating a wide range of disease, its safety and efficacy in a usual clinical setting is unknown. More data is required to confirm safety and efficacy of FMT. Therefore, the investigators aim to conduct a pilot study to investigate the efficacy and safety of FMT in a variety of dysbiosis-associated disorder.