Lower Limb

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if chiropractic ankle manipulation can improve squat jump performance. It will also learn about the relationship among chiropractic ankle manipulation, ankle range of motion, and squat jump performance. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does chiropractic ankle manipulation increase squat jump height? * Is there a relationship among chiropractic ankle manipulation, ankle range of motion, and squat jump performance? Researchers will compare squat jump performance between subjects who receive chiropractic ankle manipulations with control subjects to see if ankle chiropractic manipulation works to improve squat jump performance. Participants will: * Visit the research laboratory for one testing session to measure ankle range of motion and squat jump performance, before and after their randomly assigned intervention arm * Receive either a chiropractic ankle manipulations or rest quietly as the control condition during the testing session.

The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability (intra-rater and inter-rater) and criterion validity (using a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer as the reference) of the K-Pull (traction) dynamometer for evaluating lower limb function in children with neurotypical development.

This project aims to analyze the use of neuromodulation within a treatment protocol for musculoskeletal conditions of the lower limb, as well as to determine the difference between two and three sessions per week. Study participants will be divided into four intervention groups: the first will receive two sessions per week for a period of six months, while the second will receive three sessions per week for the same period. The treatment protocol will consist of therapeutic physical exercise focused on the muscles and joints of the lower limb, stretching of the involved muscles, and neuromodulation of the nerve root of the lumbosacral plexus, which innervates the affected structures. The third and fourth intervention groups will receive the same treatment as mentioned above, but without neuromodulation. The third group will receive three sessions per week, while the second group will receive two sessions per week. Two different types of measurement variables will be used: objective variables will be used to measure range of motion and muscle strength. Subjective variables will also be used through validated questionnaires, covering physical activity, health-related quality of life, lower limb function, and a visual analog scale for pain perception.

This cross-sectional, comparative study aims to evaluate and compare the surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity of the gastrocnemius (medial and lateral) and soleus muscles during static and dynamic contraction tasks. Participants will perform three tests-resting state, isometric, concentric, and eccentric contraction, and dynamic gait-with bilateral measurements. A subgroup analysis will examine muscle activity variations based on foot posture, using the Foot Posture Index (FPI). The study uses the validated mDurance® sEMG system to obtain objective data under controlled lab conditions. The findings will enhance understanding of the functional role of each muscle and could inform rehabilitation and injury prevention strategies.