Mild Dementia

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive form of brain stimulation, can improve short-term memory in people with early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study will also evaluate the safety of this approach. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does rTMS applied to the cerebellum improve short-term memory in people with early AD? * How does this stimulation affect brain activity and connectivity measured by MRI? Researchers will compare active rTMS to sham rTMS (a look-alike procedure that does not deliver brain stimulation) to see if rTMS works to improve memory. Participants will: * Complete a screening visit with medical and memory assessments * Be randomly assigned to receive either active rTMS or sham rTMS (neither participants nor researchers will know the assignment during treatment) * Receive 20 rTMS sessions over 4 weeks (about 20 to 30 minutes per session) * Undergo two MRI scans, one before and one after treatment * Complete memory and thinking tests and questionnaires at baseline, immediately after treatment, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up visits Participation in the study will last about 6 months. The rTMS is generally well tolerated. The most common side effects include mild headache and scalp discomfort during treatment, which are usually short-lasting. MRI is non-invasive and safe for most people. Study procedures will be reviewed to ensure participant safety. Participants may or may not benefit directly from this study. People who receive active rTMS may experience improvement in memory. This research may help improve understanding of memory function in AD and support development of new treatments.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding Phase 2a clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KDS2010 in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Based on preliminary efficacy observed in the Phase 1 clinical trial, a clinical trial will be conducted in Korea. Eligible patients diagnosed with MCI or mild Alzheimer's disease will be stratified by disease stage (MCI/mild AD) prior to randomization. Subjects will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to either Treatment Group 1, Treatment Group 2, or the Control Group. The investigational product will be administered orally once daily for a duration of 24 weeks. Approximately 114 subjects will be enrolled, including an estimated 20% dropout rate, with 38 subjects assigned to each group (Treatment Group 1, Treatment Group 2, and Control Group). The objectives of the study are as follows: 1. Efficacy Objectives: Efficacy will be evaluated through changes in cognitive function, self-management, and daily living activities before and after administration of KDS2010. Biomarker analysis in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; optional) will also be conducted to explore treatment efficacy. 2. Safety Objectives: The safety and tolerability will be evaluated after administration of KDS2010. 3. Exploratory Objectives: The efficacy of Treatment Groups 1 and 2 compared to the Control group will be explored through cognitive endpoints (the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog13), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)), stratified by demographic information, tauopathy, and ApoE4 genes. Based on nonclinical and Phase 1 clinical data, KDS2010 will be administered orally once daily at two dose levels: 60 mg and 120 mg.

This study will investigate transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) as a method of enhancing cognitive and neural function. The study team will apply this low intensity, magnetically pulse technology to key brain regions in a randomized, sham-controlled trial (RCT). The study will determine the magnitude of changes in cognitive function and brain function and structure between a pre- and post-stimulation among 10 typically-aging older adults and 10 patients with mild dementia.

This research study aims to examine biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as early as possible which could potentially be a screening tool for the general population. This observational study will take place at the Skåne University Hospital in Sweden. The study will enroll up to 600 cognitively healthy subjects aged 50 to 80 years with 3/4 having preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Recruitment and enrollment will be ongoing for 2-3 years, and subject participation will be lasting approximately 4 years. Disclosure of AD risk assessments will be an optional procedure.

The overall aim of the study is to improve the diagnostic accuracy of AD and cognitive impairment in primary care settings to ensure better care and treatment as well as facilitate correct referrals to specialized memory clinics. The investigators will strive to recruit diverse and representative populations of patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia. The specific aims of the study are to: 1. Improve the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in primary care. 2. Develop and evaluate cognitive tests, blood-based biomarkers and brain imaging methods that are suitable for accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in primary care. 3. To prospectively validate plasma AD biomarkers for diagnosis of patients with cognitive symptoms who are evaluated in primary care. 4. Determine whether blood AD biomarkers improve patient management in primary care.

The diagnosis of diseases causing memory difficulties or dementia is often challenging. Without the use of advanced methods such as cerebrospinal fluid tests, approximately 25-30% do not receive a correct diagnosis today. However, the investigators have recently developed new blood biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy, and the investigators now want to investigate whether they can eventually replace cerebrospinal fluid tests. This is because blood tests are much more cost-effective and significantly easier for patients compared to cerebrospinal fluid tests. In this study, 1200 patients undergoing clinical evaluations at the Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, are included for blood and cerebrospinal fluid sample collection. The blood samples are sent for analysis using the new blood biomarkers. Subsequently, the results are compared with those from the clinical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid to determine how well they perform in routine clinical practice as an alternative to cerebrospinal fluid tests and whether the blood test improves patient care. This comparison is carried out by the attending physician in three steps: 1. Assessment without access to the results of either the blood test or cerebrospinal fluid test. 2. Assessment with access to only the results of the blood test. 3. Assessment with access to the results of both the blood test and cerebrospinal fluid test. Aim 1) To prospectively validate plasma Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers for diagnosis of patients with cognitive symptoms who are evaluated in a specialist memory clinic. Aim 2) Determine whether blood AD biomarkers improve patient management in specialist memory clinic settings.

The DARE study (Dementia-Friendly Apothecaries as a Resource for Mental Health in the Elderly) is a multicenter, prospective cohort study aiming to identify individuals with cognitive impairments early in pharmacies and enhance their access to support services. Partner pharmacies are equipped with memory test stations, and pharmaceutical staff are trained to guide participants. The digital memory test evaluates cognitive, psychosocial, and health factors, displaying results in a traffic light graphic. Participants with concerning results are referred to specialists or support services. The study's primary goals are to establish pharmacies as dementia screening hubs, improve care for affected individuals, promote interdisciplinary collaboration, and lay the groundwork for legal and billing frameworks. An optional subproject validates the screening through neurological evaluations.

This is a multi-methods two-arm, crossover, analyst-blinded randomized controlled trial with embedded qualitative interviews, enrolling 50 dyads (older adult-care partner). Participants will receive the ACTIVE intervention, which includes a Fitbit smartwatch, motivational text messages to engage in walking exercise, instructional educational videos, and virtual physical therapy sessions. Intervention components will be delivered over 3 weeks, with continuous monitoring of physical activity via Fitbit data, read receipts of the motivational text messages, and log of engagement in the virtual physical therapy and educational videos.

To determine if diffusion aromatherapy exposure to an essential oil blend can potentially improve mild cognitive impairment/mild dementia symptoms and relieve caregiver stress. This study also allows us to gauge the willingness of elderly patients in complying with long-term aromatherapy treatments.

This project aims to culturally adapt the SHARE program for African-Americans in early-moderate stage dementia and their care partner. Upon completion of the adaptation, a pilot randomized-control trial wil be confucted to compare the adaptaed SHARE program versus usual care.

This study is a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial that aims to investigate the efficacy of multi-domain life-style intervention including low inflammatory-index diet, exercise, and cognitive training in patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease.

This research project aims to analyze the effects of different resistance training volumes on cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. First the investigators will analyze the effects of a single resistance training session (acute effects) with one and three sets on hemodynamic and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. After, the investigators will analyze the effects of an 8-week resistance training program with one or three sets on cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. The investigators hypothesize that a single resistance training session of one or three sets will increase the acute hemodynamic and physical performance stress in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, although with a higher magnitude in the session with three sets. Furthermore, we hypothesize that eight weeks of resistance training with one or three sets will induce similar improvements in cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.