Patient Controlled Analgesia

This single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of paravertebral block (PVB), external oblique intercostal (EOI) block, and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with tramadol on postoperative pain and opioid consumption in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The primary endpoint is total tramadol consumption within 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include pain scores, additional analgesic use, incidence of nausea/vomiting, mobilization time, and length of hospital stay.

Perioperative pain management affects patient recovery. However, the rate of moderate to severe postoperative pain is as high as 73.8%, which hinders recovery and increases the risk of complications. Although opioids are the first-line analgesics, excessive use leads to adverse reactions. The traditional fixed-rate PCA mode is difficult to match the changes in postoperative pain. This study will compare different PCA mode optimization strategies, assuming that they can reduce opioid dosage, improve analgesic effect, and reduce adverse reactions, providing high-quality evidence-based basis for postoperative analgesia and promoting individualized and intelligent management.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of three different intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) regimens-Fentanyl, Tramadol, and Ibuprofen-in managing postoperative pain and respiratory performance in patients undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS). While regional blocks like Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) block provide effective early analgesia, their effect typically diminishes after 8-12 hours, leading to potential 'rebound pain.' This study specifically investigates the period following the duration of the regional block's action. The primary goal is to evaluate which IV PCA protocol better controls pain (Visual Analog Scale scores) and supports better respiratory performance (measured by incentive spirometry) during the first 72 hours post-surgery

Perioperative pain management affects patient recovery. However, the rate of moderate to severe postoperative pain is as high as 73.8%, which hinders recovery and increases the risk of complications. Although opioids are the first-line analgesics, excessive use leads to adverse reactions. The traditional fixed-rate PCA mode is difficult to match the changes in postoperative pain. This study will compare different PCA mode optimization strategies, assuming that they can reduce opioid dosage, improve analgesic effect, and reduce adverse reactions, providing high-quality evidence-based basis for postoperative analgesia and promoting individualized and intelligent management.

POPCORN trial will compare the side effects and effectiveness of Morphine versus Oxycodone medication when prescribed for use as patient controlled analgesia (PCA) for pain relief for paediatric patients after-surgery. This trial is embedded into routine patient care using the hospital electronic medical record (EMR). Participants will be randomly assigned to either medication after they enrol in the study. The main questions the POPCORN trial aims to answer are: * 1\. Is there a difference in the usage of medication to treat nausea and vomiting for those who received oxycodone PCA versus morphine PCA for post-surgery pain relief? * 2\. Is there a difference in side effects or pain relief needed between the two groups? Study activities are as follows: * Participants enrolled to study during their pre-operative consultation * Participants are randomly assigned to morphine or oxycodone * No further study-specific activities expected from participant after enrolment and randomisation * Participant receives routine medical care as planned * Clinicians record assessments as per routine care in electronic medical record (EMR) * EMR data are extracted as trial data

This study was designed to compare analgesic efficacy and safety of different perioperative analgesic modes in minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Scoliosis correction surgery involves extensive surgical wounds, intense intraoperative stimulation, and severe postoperative pain, often necessitating the use of potent opioids. However, there is a critical clinical need for effective pain management strategies that both ensure sufficient analgesia and minimize opioid-related adverse effects. The Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) has shown promise as an effective analgesic technique, but its application in scoliosis correction surgery has not been reported.We hypothesize that ESPB provides superior postoperative analgesia compared to patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCA) pumps. Specifically, ESPB is expected to significantly reduce postoperative pain scores, decrease perioperative opioid consumption, and mitigate opioid-related side effects. This study is a randomized controlled trial involving 40 participants undergoing scoliosis correction surgery, randomized into two groups: the ESPB group and the PCA group. The primary outcome measure is the resting pain score at 2 hours postoperatively, which will be used to evaluate the efficacy of ESPB. Secondary outcomes include perioperative opioid consumption and the incidence of opioid-related adverse effects. The study aims to provide evidence for ESPB as an innovative and effective method for postoperative analgesia in scoliosis correction surgery.