Spinal Cord Stimulation Scs

This study aims to evaluate neurophysiological responses and symptom changes in individuals with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and/or chronic pain. Participants will undergo standard clinical assessments including EEG, EMG, h-reflex, SSEP, ERP, and TMS under varying SCS conditions.The study involves 4 arms. Arm 1 are individuals diagnosed with RLS and Healthy Controls. Arm 2 are individuals diagnosed with RLS and have an existing SCS. Arm 3 are individuals diagnosed with RLS and scheduled to receive a SCS. Arm 4 are individuals with chronic pain and have a SCS, but no diagnosis of RLS.

People with nerve damage can develop nerve pain. The pain can sometimes be severe and unpredictable, causing odd or alarming sensations - for example, lightning-like or electric shock feelings in the area served by the damaged nerve. The investigators will examine a treatment for nerve pain in the legs caused by nerve damage, which can occur after a herniated disc or a bone fracture, with or without surgery. Previous research suggests that spinal cord stimulation can relieve nerve pain in the legs after surgery or injury, but its effectiveness is still debated. Other studies show that multidisciplinary treatment helps people with long-term pain to improve their quality of life and to better cope in life. National and international guidelines recommend this kind of multidisciplinary care for long-term pain. There has yet been published research on spinal cord stimulation combined with multidisciplinary treatment as a bundle intervention. The investigators therefore want to find out whether this combined approach can reduce nerve pain in the legs and improve physical functioning.

This project aims to identify key cells and molecules involved in the development and modulation of neuropathic pain treated with spinal cord stimulation (SCS). By measuring concentrations of selected inflammatory mediators and signaling molecules (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-33, BDNF, VEGF, GABA) in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients undergoing SCS, the study seeks to better understand the mechanism of action of SCS. The findings may allow the development of predictive biomarkers, help tailor stimulation parameters, and support complementary pharmacotherapy. The project also explores differences in response to various stimulation types and the role of glial cells in SCS efficacy, with a view to improving patient outcomes through more personalized neuromodulation strategies.

This study aims to understand the differences in the effects of two rehabilitation approaches on lower limb function recovery in patients with spinal cord injuries: 1. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) combined with one-on-one physical therapy 2. One-on-one physical therapy alone

This is a prospective observational study to investigate the impact of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) procedure in chronic pain perception and management. Patients' psychological status at different time points and its correlation with pain outcomes and satisfaction with the SCS intervention will be also evaluated. The primary aim is to study the associations between psychological variables and intervention outcomes (pain reduction, satisfaction, removal of SCS). Our hypothesis is that people with higher scores in anxiety and depression symptoms would report lower satisfaction with SCS procedure and higher levels of perceived pain after the implantation of the device