Ultrasonography

Obese patients are at increased risk of difficult airway management due to anatomical changes in the anterior neck soft tissues. Accurate preoperative prediction of difficult airway remains challenging using conventional clinical airway assessment tests alone. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the role of ultrasound assessment of anterior neck soft tissue thickness in predicting difficult airway risk in overweight and obese adult patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Ultrasound-based anterior neck measurements will be compared with standard clinical airway assessment parameters to determine their diagnostic accuracy for difficult laryngoscopy and intubation. The results of this study may contribute to improved preoperative airway risk stratification and safer airway management in obese patients.

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has become widely preferred in Turkey and worldwide in recent years for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases due to its non-invasive nature, ease of application, and low risk of complications, as it does not require surgical intervention. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding the energy level used in ESWT applications, the frequency of application, and especially the ideal number of sessions. Different centers apply varying protocols in clinical practice, which can lead to heterogeneity in treatment outcomes. Scientifically determining the effect of variation in the number of ESWT sessions on clinical outcomes is important for establishing standard treatment protocols. Therefore, the aim of our study is to contribute to the existing literature by investigating the effect of variation in the number of ESWT sessions on clinical parameters such as pain, functional status, and quality of life in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis, and to develop more effective and evidence-based treatment approaches in patient management.

Diagnosing breast cancer early is critical to reduce preventable breast cancer deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. This can be done in part through increasing patients' access to breast ultrasound, which is essential for evaluating breast masses. However, ultrasound is typically provided only by radiologists at urban referral hospitals. Training clinicians at rural district hospitals who are not radiologists could increase patients' access to breast ultrasound, but strategies to support and supervise these clinicians and ensure they are providing high-quality ultrasound services has not been studied. This project will examine the effectiveness and cost of two strategies for training non-radiologist clinicians to perform breast ultrasound in Rwandan district hospitals.

The use of lung ultrasound is instrumental in the evaluation of many chest pathologies and its ability to detect pleuro-pulmonary pathology is widely accepted. However, the use of ultrasound to explore the state of the peripheral lung parenchyma, when the organ is still aerated, is a relatively new application. Horizontal and vertical artifacts are separate and distinct artifacts that can be seen during ultrasound examination of the lungs. While the practical role of lung ultrasound artifacts is accepted to detect and monitor many conditions, further research is needed for the physical interpretation of ultrasound artifacts. These artifacts are diagnostic signs, but we don't fully understand their origin. The artifactual information deriving from the surface acoustic interaction, beyond the pleural line, in the ultrasound images of the normally aerated and non-deflated lung, represents the final result of complex interactions of acoustic waves with a specific three-dimensional structure of the biological tissue. Thus, the umbrella term "vertical artifacts" oversimplifies many physical phenomena associated with a pathological pleural plane. There is growing evidence that vertical artifacts are caused by physiological and pathological changes in the superficial lung parenchyma. Therefore, the need emerges to explore the physical phenomena underlying the artifactual ultrasound information deriving from the surface acoustic interaction of ultrasound with the pleuro-pulmonary structures.

Congenital syphilis in newborns requires intravenous antibiotic therapy, making reliable peripheral venous access essential. However, high rates of catheter failure and repeated punctures remain a significant clinical challenge. This randomized, controlled, parallel clinical trial aims to compare ultrasound-guided long peripheral intravenous catheters inserted by a specialized vascular access team with conventional short peripheral catheters inserted by neonatal nurses. A total of 104 newborns with congenital syphilis receiving intravenous penicillin will be randomly assigned to either group. The primary outcome is functional dwell time. Secondary outcomes include catheter failure, number of insertion attempts, first-attempt success, complications, and total number of devices required. The study hypothesizes that ultrasound-guided long peripheral catheters will improve vascular access outcomes, reduce complications, and minimize the need for repeated punctures.

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the accuracy of using routine abdominal ultrasound to predict the risk of esophageal variceal bleeding in adult patients with liver cirrhosis. Esophageal variceal bleeding is a serious complication of chronic liver disease. While upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the current standard for diagnosing and grading these varices, it is an invasive procedure. In this study, researchers will use ultrasound to measure the patient's spleen size and portal vein diameter. These non-invasive measurements will then be compared to the results of a standard upper endoscopy performed within 48 to 72 hours. The goal is to determine if these simple ultrasound measurements can reliably predict the presence, grade, and bleeding risk of esophageal varices, which could potentially reduce the need for routine invasive endoscopic screenings in the future.

A Prospective, Single-Center trial, in Patients With Acute on Chronic Liver Failure. Study of Standard Medical Care Plus CytoSorb® Compared to Standard Medical Care Alone in a historical group.

This study aims to compare two commonly used airway devices (I-gel and Air-Q) in children aged 1-10 years undergoing general anesthesia for surgery. These devices help doctors keep the airway open and support breathing during the operation. The study will evaluate how well each device works, how easy they are to place, and whether they cause air to enter the stomach. Ultrasound will be used to safely check the position of the device and detect any air in the stomach. The results of this study may help improve the safety and effectiveness of airway management in children during anesthesia.

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the effect of internal jugular vein catheterization on intracranial pressure using optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements and carotid artery Doppler ultrasonography in adult patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. ONSD will be measured noninvasively using transorbital ultrasonography, and carotid Doppler parameters will be assessed at two time points: after endotracheal intubation and approximately 5 minutes after catheterization. The primary objective is to assess short-term changes in ONSD following catheterization. Secondary objectives include evaluating changes in carotid Doppler measurements and their relationship with ONSD, as well as associations with physiological parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and end-tidal carbon dioxide.

This single-center, retrospective, observational study aims to construct a standardized benchmark evaluation system for intelligent breast ultrasound image interpretation and to systematically assess the diagnostic performance of current mainstream multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) models. De-identified B-mode breast ultrasound images with confirmed pathological diagnoses will be retrospectively collected from the institutional archive (2018-2025) and supplemented with images from published open-access datasets. Expert radiologists with varying experience levels will independently annotate all images according to the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) v2025 criteria, including glandular tissue composition, lesion characterization (mass vs. non-mass lesion), morphological descriptors, and final BI-RADS classification. Baseline deep learning models (CNN-based ResNet-50 and Transformer-based USFM) will be trained to establish performance baselines and to stratify cases by diagnostic difficulty through cross-architecture consensus. Multiple multimodal large language models (MLLMs), including both general-purpose and medical-domain models, will then be evaluated via standardized API calls using BI-RADS-guided chain-of-thought prompts at temperature 0 for reproducibility. Primary endpoints include BI-RADS classification accuracy and diagnostic AUC for benign-malignant differentiation. Model robustness and safety will be assessed through out-of-distribution rejection testing, temperature-stability experiments, and thinking-mode ablation studies. This study adheres to the FLAIR and TRIPOD-LLM reporting guidelines.

Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension is a common and clinically significant complication in geriatric patients. Accurate preoperative assessment of intravascular volume status may help identify patients at risk. Internal jugular vein (IJV) ultrasonography is a noninvasive and easily applicable bedside method that reflects venous volume status. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the role of preoperative IJV ultrasonographic measurements in predicting hypotension following spinal anesthesia in geriatric patients. Patients aged 65 years and older undergoing elective surgery under spinal anesthesia will be included. Preoperative IJV diameter, cross-sectional area, and collapsibility index will be measured using ultrasonography. Hemodynamic parameters will be monitored intraoperatively, and the occurrence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia will be recorded. The predictive value of IJV ultrasonographic parameters for post-spinal hypotension will be analyzed

Intercristal line as palpation landmarks to identifying the vertebral level is frequently inaccurate.To find more safe and reliable body surface markers and convenient methods to be solved in clinical work.The investigators performed a two-stage study to evaluated the accuracy of intercristal line and the The Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS) line to identify the lumbar interspinous spaces for spinal anesthesia using ultrasonography in pregnant woman which will provide a second option.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided combined intra-articular and peri-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections with intra-articular PRP injections alone in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis (OA). The study specifically examines the effects of these treatment approaches on pain, physical function, activities of daily living, and structural parameters, including medial collateral ligament (MCL) thickness and distal femoral cartilage thickness. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage erosion, osteophyte formation, and subchondral sclerosis, leading to pain, stiffness, and functional disability. It is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting approximately 300 million individuals. Although the knee is the most frequently involved joint, OA is now recognized as a whole-joint disease, involving not only cartilage degeneration but also pathological changes in subchondral bone, synovium, and surrounding extra-articular structures. Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous concentration of platelets suspended in a small volume of plasma and contains a variety of bioactive growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These factors play a crucial role in promoting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. In knee OA, PRP has been shown to reduce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, particularly MMP-13, enhance endogenous hyaluronic acid production, and support chondrogenesis. Although intra-articular PRP injections are widely accepted as a safe and effective treatment and have demonstrated superiority over placebo and hyaluronic acid in long-term follow-up studies, most existing research has focused exclusively on intra-articular applications. Knee OA is a multifactorial condition frequently associated with extra-articular pathologies, including ligament laxity, peri-articular edema, and soft tissue inflammation. Limiting treatment to the intra-articular space alone may therefore overlook these important contributors to pain and functional impairment. Emerging evidence suggests that a combined treatment approach targeting both intra-articular and peri-articular structures may provide superior outcomes in terms of pain reduction and functional improvement. This prospective randomized controlled trial will include 42 patients aged 40-65 years with chronic knee OA classified as Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 or 3. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group receiving conservative treatment only (exercise therapy and lifestyle modifications), a group receiving conservative treatment plus ultrasound-guided intra-articular PRP injections, and a third group receiving conservative treatment plus combined ultrasound-guided intra-articular and peri-articular PRP injections targeting the MCL and pes anserinus regions. Clinical outcomes will be assessed using validated instruments, including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Quality of Life Scale. In addition, ultrasonographic measurements of MCL thickness and distal femoral cartilage thickness will be performed to evaluate structural changes. By investigating the additional value of peri-articular PRP injections, this study aims to contribute to the development of more comprehensive and effective injection protocols for the management of chronic knee osteoarthritis.

The goal of this interventional study is to asses echocardiographic variations in emergency department's elderly patients receiving red blood cell transfusion. The main questions it aims to answer are : * is there a modification of echocardiographic parameters after red blood cell transfusion ? * which parameter is the most impacted by red blood cell transfusion ? Participants will have a transthoracic echocardiography before, just after and 15 minutes after red blood cell transfusion.

Our study is unique in that it utilizes a self-designed fascial mobilization protocol and ultrasonographic evaluation for adhesive capsulitis. Therefore, the aim of our study is to investigate the effects of fascial therapy on pain, normal joint range of motion, proprioception, and fascial architecture in patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis.

Our study aims to investigate the effects of exercise training on pain, range of motion, functionality and shoulder architecture in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

The goal of this clinical trial is to test the performance of neuronal networks trained on ultrasonic raw Data (=radiofrequency data) for the assessment of liver diseases in patients undergoing a clinical ultrasound examination. The general feasibility is currently evaluated in a retrospective cohort. The main questions the study aims to answer are: * Can a neuronal network trained on RF Data perform equally good as elastography in the assessment of diffuse liver diseases? * Can a neuronal network trained on RF Data perform better than a neuronal network trained on b-mode images in the assessment of diffuse liver diseases? * Can a neuronal network trained on RF Data distinguish focal pathologies in the liver from healthy tissue? To answer these questions participants with a clinically indicated fibroscan will undergo: * a clinical elastography in Case ob suspected diffuse liver disease * a reliable ground truth (if normal ultrasound is not sufficient e.g. contrast enhanced ultrasound, biopsy, MRI or CT) in case of focal liver diseases, depending on the standard routine of the participating center * a clinical ultrasound examination during which b-mode images and the corresponding RF-Data sets are captured

Lung ultrasound is an increasingly valuable diagnostic tool in neonatal intensive care due to its safety and accessability. This pilot study investigates whether a quantitative approach - the heterogeneity index, previously only used in fetal lung assessment - can enhance the diagnostic accuracy of neonatologist-performed lung ultrasound (NPLUS). The index will be calculated from raw ultrasound images of preterm and term neonates and compared with conventional lung ultrasound scores to evaluate its clinical relevance.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of diaphragmatic ultrasonography in taking mechanical ventilation weaning decision and predicting outcome in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient. Primary outcome: • Number of patients with failed weaning trial and need reintubation. Secondary outcomes: * Time till extubation trial. * Ventilation free days after extubation less or more than 48h . * Number of Intensive care unit discharges. * Sensitivity and specificity of diaphragmatic assessment as a predictor of weaning.

The objective of this study is to explore the role of ultrasonography (non-invasive imaging device) in the diagnosis of subcutaneous nodules (mass/bumb underneath the skin). Patients who presented with subcutaneous nodules and was indicated for diagnostic skin biopsies were recruited. Prior to skin biopsies (not part of the study's intervention), ultrasonography(intervention) was used to examine the characteristics of the nodules. The ultrasonographic findings are then compared to the pathological results to explore the role of ultrasonography in differentiating each disease or group of diseases that presented with skin nodules.

This study aims to assess the ultrasound (US) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) as a tool for diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of ultrasound echo intensity (EI) as a diagnostic tool for assessing muscle quality in children aged 10-14 years, including normal-weight, obese, and trained young athletes. The main questions it aims to answer are: Can EI reliably and accurately measure muscle quality in children when validated against gold-standard techniques like DXA and isokinetic dynamometry? What are the age-, sex-, and fitness-specific benchmarks for EI to differentiate between normal and pathological muscle quality?

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex inflammatory disease with heterogeneous clinical features, which complicates psoriasis in 30% of patients. PsA involves multiple tissues and clinical domains including skins and nails as well as arthritis, spondylitis, enthesitis, and dactylitis. Power Doppler (PD) ultrasonography (PDUS) is a sensitive non-invasive imaging technology used to assess disease activity and treatment response in PsA. This is a prospective, observational, open-label study to investigate disease activity, therapeutic response and bone destruction based on ultrasonography findings in patients with PsA.

The study focuses on regional lung examination, in particular on the differentiation between collapsed and hyperinflated lung areas. The purpose of the study is to elaborate common and discriminative elements between different lung imaging modalities in infants and to generate hypotheses for the bedside use of EIT and LUS in infants.

As a multisystem disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is closely linked to the onset and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD). Ultrasonographic fatty liver indicator (US-FLI) is a semi-quantitative tool for evaluating the degree of hepatic steatosis. Our study aims to explore the relationship between US-FLI based on MAFLD and the severity of CHD.