Clinical trials

1. To determine the most suitable exercise protocol for upper extremity aerobic exercise training, a widely used type of aerobic exercise to improve reduced upper extremity functional capacity in individuals with CIED and HF. 2. To investigate whether high-intensity intermittent upper extremity aerobic exercise training provides a more effective improvement in upper extremity functional capacity compared to moderate-intensity continuous upper extremity aerobic exercise training. 3. To determine the effectiveness of different types of upper extremity aerobic exercise training compared to lower extremity aerobic training alone in individuals with CIED and HF.

The aim of this observational study is to determine the effect of seasonal changes on physical activity levels in heart failure patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. Patients with heart failure who have a cardiac implantable electronic device will be evaluated throughout the year.

Cardiac implantable electronic devices are widely utilized to lower the rates of morbidity and mortality from ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, as well as the incidence of sudden cardiac death. Although implantation of these devices increases survival rates, patients may experience acute and chronic complications. These complications include device dislocation and fracture, inappropriate shocks, pocket hematoma, or infection. Furthermore, functional loss in the upper extremity may result from upper extremity restrictions that are applied for an excessively long time in order to ensure proper placement of the device following implantation, or from patients who choose to extend this period on their own initiative out of worry about device failure or dislocation. Patients' quality of life may be negatively impacted by these issues as well as diminished exercise capacity, weariness, and weaker respiratory and peripheral muscles. A quality of life scale called 'The Assessment of Quality of Life and Related Events (AQUAREL)' was developed by Stoffmel et al. for patients using pacemakers. In this study, the validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the AQAREL Scale will be conducted.