Clinical trials

This prospective randomized controlled trial is designed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided rectointercostal plane block (RICPB) in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients will be randomized to receive unilateral right-sided RICPB at the end of surgery. Postoperative opioid consumption, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores, and postoperative complications will be assessed to determine the effectiveness of RICPB in postoperative pain management.

The hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) process imposes a substantial psychological burden, leading to impaired emotional well-being due to intensive treatment, isolation, and immunosuppression. Patients often experience social withdrawal, loneliness, and loss of control, which may result in persistent anxiety, depressive symptoms, and reduced quality of life (QoL) if unaddressed. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of an AI-powered robotic dog in improving emotional well-being and QoL in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT.

Childhood cancers affect approximately 400,000 children and adolescents worldwide each year. Although advances in treatment have significantly improved survival rates, children undergoing cancer treatment continue to experience a wide range of treatment-related symptoms and complications. Among these, fatigue and sleep disturbances are particularly common and may persist throughout treatment and survivorship, negatively affecting psychological well-being, cognitive functioning, and overall quality of life. Reduced physical activity during treatment is strongly associated with worsening fatigue, impaired sleep, and decreased quality of life in pediatric oncology patients. However, treatment side effects, prolonged hospitalization, infection risk, and lack of motivating play-based activities often limit children's participation in physical activity during treatment. Recent evidence suggests that physical activity interventions may help reduce fatigue and improve well-being in children with cancer, yet engaging and age-appropriate non-pharmacological interventions remain limited, especially for younger children. This pilot randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the feasibility and potential effects of a robot-dog-assisted walking intervention on sleep quality, fatigue, and quality of life among children aged 2-7 years undergoing cancer treatment.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether a trauma-informed, artificial intelligence-supported chatbot can reduce psychological distress and unmet psychosocial needs in adults newly diagnosed with cancer.: * Does the chatbot reduce trauma-related distress and anxiety levels compared to standard care? * Does the chatbot decrease unmet psychosocial needs in patients following a new cancer diagnosis? Researchers will compare the chatbot intervention to standard care to determine whether the chatbot provides additional psychosocial benefit. Participants will: * Be randomly assigned to either the chatbot intervention group or the standard care group * Use the chatbot freely for 12 weeks (intervention group only) * Complete questionnaires at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months * Be monitored for any psychological risk indicators during the study period

This study aims to investigate skin barrier function in intensive care unit (ICU) patients using biosensor-based measurements. Biophysical parameters including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, stratum corneum hydration, local skin temperature, and sebum will be assessed in anatomical regions at risk for pressure injuries. The study will examine temporal changes in these parameters, their interrelationships, and their association with pressure injury development.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of peer education on climate change awareness and climate change anxiety levels among nursing students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University. Within the scope of the study, changes in students' awareness and anxiety levels before and after the peer education intervention will be assessed. The study is expected to contribute to improving nursing students' knowledge and awareness regarding the health impacts of climate change and to support the integration of sustainability and environmental health into nursing education.

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of digital intelligence games on visual and cognitive performance in young individuals with intellectual disabilities. Participants aged 18-35 years receiving services from EÇADEM in Istanbul will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving digital intelligence game training using the MentalUP application or a control group receiving routine services. Visual memory and cognitive performance will be assessed using the Benton Visual Retention Test and the Standardized Mini Mental Test at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The study will investigate the short- and long-term effects of digital cognitive training on visual and cognitive functioning.

Uterine involution, the process by which the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size during the postpartum period, can cause severe cramp-like pain in postpartum women. Although pharmacological methods are common for managing this pain in the literature, their side effects limit their use in this population. This project aims to fill a significant gap in the literature by combining guided imagery, a non-pharmacological technique, with evolving artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. While the effectiveness of guided imagery in cesarean and labor pain is well-known, its impact on pain and physiological parameters during uterine involution-specifically through AI-supported visualization-will be evaluated for the first time within the scope of this study. The primary research question of the project is: "Do guided imagery and AI-supported video applications have a healing effect on the pain levels and vital signs of postpartum women during the evaluation of uterine involution?" This research is a three-arm, randomized controlled experimental study to be conducted at Istanbul Atlas University Hospital. The sample size of the study was determined using the G\*Power 3.1 program. As a result of the a priori power analysis performed by selecting the "ANOVA: Fixed effects, omnibus, one-way" statistical test under the "F tests" family, the significance level was set at α = 0.05, the statistical power (1-β) at 0.80, and the effect size (f) at 0.25 (medium effect). The analysis indicated a total sample size of 159 participants for the three groups, with 53 participants required in each group. To account for potential sample attrition, a 10% addition was made to each group, resulting in a planned study with 59 participants per group and a total of 177 participants. "Guided Imagery" and "AI-Supported Video" applications will be utilized as intervention methods. In the guided imagery group, an expert-approved original audio script titled "The Emotional Journey of Mother and Baby" will be played to the women via over-ear headphones during the uterine involution assessment. In the AI-supported video group, a video generated with AI prompts based on the same script will be shown using virtual reality (VR) goggles during the assessment. This will allow for a comparative analysis of the effects of visual and auditory stimuli on pain during the uterine involution evaluation. Participants' pain levels will be measured using the VAS scale, and physiological data (pulse, blood pressure, SpO₂) will be recorded by monitoring at the 60th, 120th, and 180th seconds of the involution process. Considering the moderating effect of anxiety on pain threshold and vital signs, the 'Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale' will be administered to all participants before the intervention. Data will be analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests in the SPSS 23 program.

Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder is among the frequently encountered shoulder problems. Conservative treatment is often preferred for its management. Persistent pain, impingement symptoms due to large calcific deposits, and extension into the bone are indications for surgical intervention. Although many classification methods for calcific tendinitis have been defined in the literature, none of them is directly related to prognosis, treatment options, or surgical management. The aim of this study is to create a new, easy-to-apply, practical, and treatment-related classification system for calcific tendinitis based on the localization of the deposits on MRI. Furthermore, the aim is to compile the current patient cohort according to this new classification and examine the relationship between the treatment applied and the deposit localization in the proposed classification.

This study aims to evaluate whether a regional anesthesia technique called the transversalis fascia plane block (TFPB) can improve pain control after hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN), a minimally invasive surgery performed in living kidney donors. Although HALDN is less invasive than open surgery, patients often experience significant pain after the operation, mainly due to the surgical incisions in the lower abdomen and trocar entry sites. Poorly controlled pain can delay recovery and increase the need for opioid pain medications, which may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, itching, and sedation. The transversalis fascia plane block is an ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia technique in which a local anesthetic is injected into a specific tissue plane in the lower abdominal wall. This injection temporarily blocks pain signals from nerves supplying the lower abdomen and groin area. The technique has been shown to reduce pain and opioid use after various lower abdominal surgeries and is considered minimally invasive and safe when performed under ultrasound guidance. In this study, patients undergoing HALDN will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group will receive standard general anesthesia only, while the other group will receive general anesthesia plus a transversalis fascia plane block using a local anesthetic (bupivacaine). All patients will receive the same standard pain treatment after surgery, including paracetamol and patient-controlled morphine. The main goal of the study is to compare the amount of opioid pain medication used during the first 24 hours after surgery between the two groups. Secondary outcomes include pain scores measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the frequency of opioid-related side effects, and patient satisfaction with pain control. The results of this study may help determine whether adding the transversalis fascia plane block to standard anesthesia can provide better pain relief, reduce opioid consumption, and improve comfort and recovery in living kidney donors.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a WhatsApp-based and family-involved self-management education program on self-management, family support, and HbA1c levels among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hypotheses: * H1: There will be a significant difference in self-management scores between the intervention group receiving the WhatsApp-based and family-involved self-management education and the control group. * H2: There will be a significant difference in HbA1c levels between the intervention group receiving the WhatsApp-based and family-involved self-management education and the control group. * H3: There will be a significant difference in family support scores between the intervention group receiving the WhatsApp-based and family-involved self-management education and the control group. This randomized controlled trial will be conducted with 44 individuals diagnosed with T2DM who meet the inclusion criteria and one family member per participant (total 88 participants). Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group using a computer-generated randomization list. Participants (people with diabetes and their family members) in the intervention group will receive a 12-week, WhatsApp-based self-management education program. Educational modules (videos, visuals, and written materials) will be shared separately with each person with diabetes and their participating family member via WhatsApp twice a week. To reinforce learning, a five-question quiz will be sent separately to both the person with diabetes and the family member every Thursday. In addition, a brief follow-up phone call (approximately 10 minutes) will be conducted once a week only with the person with diabetes to review progress and provide feedback. Data collection will occur at baseline and at the end of the 12th week. Participants in the control group will continue their routine outpatient follow-ups for three months and complete the same measurement tools at baseline and post-intervention. Data will be collected using the Diabetic Participant Demographic Form, Family Member Demographic Form, Diabetes Self Management Questionnaire, Hensarling's Diabetes Family Support Scale, and the Diabetes Knowledge Scale for Adults. Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS software. Group comparisons will be analyzed with independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests, and pre-post comparisons with paired t-tests or Wilcoxon tests. A significance level of p\<0.05 will be used.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of art therapy applied to inpatients in the psychiatry ward on disease severity and anxiety levels. Art therapy is considered a complementary intervention that can positively contribute to the psychiatric recovery process by facilitating the expression and regulation of an individual's emotional state. This research will be conducted with a randomized controlled design and aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of art therapy practices within the clinical process through objective data. The originality of the study lies in the fact that art therapy will be implemented with individuals hospitalized in an acute psychiatric ward. In this respect, the study provides the opportunity to evaluate the applicability of art therapy even during crisis periods and carries the potential to make significant practice-oriented contributions to the field of mental health.

Artificial intelligence (AI), now an integral part of healthcare services and presents numerous opportunities. Customized treatment plans, clinical decision support systems, predictive analysis for disease prevention, patient engagement and education, quality improvement, and error reduction are some of these opportunities. In the context of delirium prevention, risk assessment, and treatment planning, the AI-supported system AI-AntiDelirium is designed to standardize the approach to delirium management in alignment with the PADIS guidelines. A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of this system found that the workload of nurses decreased, facilitated early diagnosis and prevention of delirium, and recommended evidence-based and individualized delirium interventions. A systematic review concluded that AI applications did not significantly impact the length of hospital stay and emphasized the need for further research. Also, AI platforms contributed to positive results in reducing anxiety and depression in patients. Furthermore, systematic reviews have demonstrated that AI-based chatbots are effective in alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, the literature includes a limited number of patient education programs specifically designed to prevent or manage delirium through AI-based approaches. Notably, there is a lack of studies comparing the effectiveness of AI-supported educational interventions with those delivered directly by nurses. The goal of this clinical trial is to develop a structured AINurse and Human Nurse orientation training program for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and compare the effects of these training programs on ICU patients' delirium-free days, level of anxiety and depression, and length of stay in the ICU. Hypotheses of the study: H1: Patients who receive the structured AINurse patient orientation training program will have longer delirium-free days than patients who receive Human Nurse orientation training. H2: Patients who receive the structured AINurse patient orientation training program will have lower levels of anxiety and depression than patients who receive the Human Nurse orientation training. H3: Patients who receive the structured AINurse patient orientation training program will have shorter lengths of stay in the intensive care unit than patients who receive the Human Nurse orientation training. Researchers will compare the AINurse patient orientation training program and the orientation training program provided by human nurses in terms of patients' delirium-free days, level of anxiety and depression, and length of stay in the ICU. * Those in the intervention group will receive the AINurse orientation training program twice daily for 3 days. * Participants in the control group will receive face-to-face structured orientation training from researchers twice daily for 3 days. * Delirium-free day assessment, anxiety and depression will be evaluated for patients in both groups over 3 days. * The length of stay in the intensive care unit will be monitored for patients in both groups.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether VISTA, a newly identified negative immune regulatory protein, differs in monocytes and T cells of patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) compared to the same cell types in healthy controls. Additionally, the potential clinical correlation of VISTA expression in the follow-up of MS and CIS patients will be examined. By elucidating the role of VISTA in the pathophysiology of MS, this study will contribute to the literature by exploring its potential as a biomarker and its relevance in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Specifically, this study will compare VISTA protein secretion in MS patients at the time of their first attack with that of healthy controls. Furthermore, changes in VISTA protein secretion will be assessed in blood samples collected at 6- and 12-month follow-ups, and the correlations of these changes with clinical and laboratory findings will be investigated. Finally, this study aims to determine whether CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, monocytes, and T regulatory (Treg) subgroups in the first attack blood samples of MS patients exhibit similar functional properties in terms of VISTA protein secretion as their counterparts in healthy controls. To achieve this, monocytes and T cell subtypes will be stimulated, and their pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses will be analyzed.

This study aims to develop and evaluate a structured education program and a mobile application to support caregivers of patients receiving enteral nutrition via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). The intervention focuses on improving caregivers' knowledge, care practices, and perceived burden. The study will be conducted in three phases: a needs assessment, development of the education and digital support modules, and implementation of the intervention. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected to evaluate the impact of the intervention. The results are expected to contribute to the improvement of home PEG care quality and the empowerment of caregivers.

This study will test how accurate a blood pressure cuff is during a specific type of chest surgery. In some lung surgeries, doctors use a method called video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), where small tools and a camera are inserted through the chest wall. During these procedures, patients often have only one lung ventilated to give the surgeon more space to work. This setup can affect how well a blood pressure cuff on the arm reflects the true blood pressure inside the body. This study will compare readings from the arm cuff (non-invasive) with those from a thin tube placed inside an artery (invasive), which is more accurate but also more uncomfortable and carries some risks. Researchers will use a method called error grid analysis to see how closely the cuff readings match the invasive ones. They want to find out if the cuff is accurate enough to be used safely in these surgeries. If it is, patients might not need an invasive line as often in the future. People 18 years or older who are already going to have invasive blood pressure monitoring during planned thoracic surgery with one-lung ventilation may be able to join the study. The research team will collect blood pressure measurements about every 20 minutes during surgery, as well as basic information like age, weight, and what medications are given.

This study will test how accurate a blood pressure cuff is during certain types of surgery. During some abdominal surgeries done with small tools and a camera (called laparoscopic surgery), doctors place patients in a head-down position called the Trendelenburg position. In this position, it may be harder for the blood pressure cuff on the arm to give correct readings. This study will compare the cuff's readings (non-invasive) with readings from a thin tube placed inside an artery (invasive), which is more accurate but also more risky and uncomfortable. The researchers will use a method called error grid analysis to check how closely the cuff readings match the invasive ones. They hope to learn if the blood pressure cuff is accurate enough to be used safely in this kind of surgery. If it is, doctors may not need to use the invasive method as often. People 18 years or older who are already going to have invasive blood pressure monitoring as part of their planned surgery can join the study. The study will collect blood pressure measurements about every 20 minutes during surgery, as well as basic information like age, weight, and what medicines are given.

Background: Breast surgery is often associated with significant perioperative pain. While systemic opioids are commonly used, their side effects (nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, delayed recovery) have encouraged the adoption of regional anesthesia techniques for better analgesia and reduced opioid requirements. PECS-II and Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) blocks are two effective regional techniques frequently utilized in breast surgery. However, comparative data on their impact on intraoperative opioid consumption under nociception-guided anesthesia remains limited. The Nociception Level Index (NOL) is an objective monitoring tool that integrates multiple physiological signals (e.g., heart rate variability, skin conductance, pulse amplitude) to assess nociceptive responses in real-time. When used intraoperatively, it enables more precise opioid titration, potentially optimizing analgesia while minimizing opioid exposure. Objective: To compare the efficacy of PECS-II and ESP blocks in reducing intraoperative remifentanil consumption during breast surgery under general anesthesia guided by NOL monitoring. Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted at Koç University Hospital following ethical approval. Ninety female patients aged 18-80 years, classified as ASA I-III and scheduled for elective mastectomy or other breast surgeries, were randomly assigned into three groups (n=30 each): Group 1 (PECS-II Block) Group 2 (ESP Block) Group 3 (Control - no block) Regional blocks were performed before surgery with ultrasound guidance. PECS-II block was administered at the 3rd to 5th rib levels in the mid-axillary line using 30 mL of 0.3% bupivacaine. ESP block was applied at T2-T5 levels with a total of 20 mL 0.5% bupivacaine. All patients received standardized general anesthesia, including propofol, fentanyl, rocuronium, and desflurane maintenance. Remifentanil infusion (0.05-0.1 μg/kg/min) was titrated based on NOL values every 5 minutes: increased by 0.03 μg/kg/min if NOL \>25, and decreased by 0.03 μg/kg/min if NOL \<10. Data collected included: Total intraoperative remifentanil consumption (primary outcome) NOL scores every 5 minutes Postoperative pain scores (NRS) at 1st, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours (at rest and with arm abduction) Total opioid consumption (morphine, tramadol) in the first 24 hours Opioid-related side effects (nausea, vomiting, pruritus) Length of hospital stay Blinding was applied to data collectors (pain nurses and anesthesia technicians), but due to the nature of the procedures, surgeons and anesthesiologists were not blinded. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using SPSS v26. Continuous variables were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk), and analyzed with t-tests or Mann-Whitney U as appropriate. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square tests. Significance was set at p\<0.05. Expected Outcomes and Contribution: It is hypothesized that both PECS-II and ESP blocks will significantly reduce intraoperative remifentanil consumption compared to the control group. Furthermore, these blocks may improve postoperative pain control, reduce opioid-related side effects, and shorten recovery time. This study aims to clarify the relative efficacy of two widely used regional blocks in the context of objective, nociception-guided anesthesia. The findings are expected to support evidence-based use of regional techniques in breast surgery and contribute to the growing body of literature emphasizing opioid-sparing strategies in perioperative care.

This clinical trial aims to develop an online education program and an educational booklet for nurses on EBP and to compare the evidence-based competencies and clinical decision-making levels of nurses trained with these two methods. Hypotheses of the Study Ho: There is no statistically significant difference between the nurses' competency levels who participated in the online education developed for evidence-based practices and those who were informed of the educational booklet. H1. The nurses' competency levels who participated in the online education developed for evidence-based practices are statistically higher than those who were informed of the educational booklet. Ho: There is no statistically significant difference between the clinical decision-making levels of nurses who participated in the online education developed for evidence-based practices and nurses who were informed with the educational booklet. H1: The clinical decision-making levels of the nurses who participated in the online education developed for evidence-based practices are statistically higher than those informed with the educational booklet. Participants will: The nurses in the intervention group are expected to fill in the data collection tools (Introductory Information Form for Nurses, Evidence-Based Practice Competency Scale, Clinical Decision Making Scale in Nursing) before the education and then participate in the education about evidence-based practices on the online platform and fill in the data collection tools (Evidence-Based Practice Competency Scale, Clinical Decision Making Scale in Nursing and Education Evaluation Form) 20 days after the education. The nurses in the control group were expected to complete the data collection tools (Introductory Information Form for Nurses, Evidence-Based Practice Competency Scale, Clinical Decision Making Scale in Nursing) before the education booklet was given and 20 days after the education.

In this study, we want to find out whether a person's "end-tidal carbon dioxide" (ETCO₂)-a value measured from the air they breathe out-accurately reflects the amount of carbon dioxide in their blood, called "arterial carbon dioxide" (PaCO₂). We are focusing on people having laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery in the Trendelenburg position, which involves tilting the patient's head down to help the surgeon see the surgical area better. This position can sometimes affect carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Right now, doctors must draw blood samples to measure the PaCO₂ level. If we can show that ETCO₂ readings are reliable, doctors may not need to draw blood samples as often. During surgery, patients already need a small tube (catheter) in an artery so doctors can closely monitor their blood pressure. Whenever the anesthesiologist decides a blood sample is needed, we will note the blood's PaCO₂ level and compare it with the ETCO₂ reading taken at the same time. We will also record other measurements like heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature. By comparing these measurements, we hope to learn if the ETCO₂ readings can reliably match the changes in PaCO₂ over time, making it a useful tool to monitor carbon dioxide levels in this type of surgery without needing as many blood tests. We plan to include 79 patients in this study, which should give us enough measurements to see how closely these two methods match.

In this study, we want to find out if measuring carbon dioxide from a patient's breath (end-tidal CO₂ or ETCO₂) can reliably reflect changes in blood carbon dioxide levels (arterial CO₂ or PaCO₂) during lung surgery. Instead of just looking at individual values, we are specifically investigating whether ETCO₂ and PaCO₂ rise and fall in the same direction over time. During lung surgery, patients often need "one-lung ventilation," where only one lung is used for breathing while the other is deflated to help the surgeon. This can cause carbon dioxide levels in the blood to change, which are typically monitored by taking blood samples. If ETCO₂ trends closely follow PaCO₂ trends, doctors may not need to take as many blood samples. Patients in this study will already have a small tube in an artery for monitoring blood pressure. Whenever a blood test is taken, we will compare the blood CO₂ level with the ETCO₂ reading at that moment. We will also track heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. By comparing these measurements, we hope to learn whether ETCO₂ reliably follows the same trends as PaCO₂, making it a useful tool for monitoring carbon dioxide levels in lung surgery with fewer blood tests.

Pressure injuries (PIs) represent a significant clinical complication for patients worldwide and pose financial and quality challenges for healthcare systems. These wounds, which are highly challenging to treat and care for both patients and caregivers, lead to physical and psychological trauma, negatively affect daily life activities, reduce quality of life, and increase care costs (Padula et al., 2019; Yilmazer \& Tüzer, 2022). Moreover, the expenses associated with treatment are 2.5 times higher than those for prevention (Lyder \& Ayello, 2007). Additionally, they often prolong hospital stays and increase the time nurses spend on care (Yilmazer \& Tüzer, 2022). According to the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP, 2019), providing high-quality care for patients with PIs requires adopting a multidisciplinary, standardized care approach tailored to the specific needs of patients (Heasler, 2019). Past and current literature supports the use of evidence-based care bundles to reduce PIs (Coyer et al., 2015; Chaboyer et al., 2015; Amr et al., 2017; Deakin et al., 2020; Yilmazer \& Tüzer, 2022; Wang et al., 2023). A care bundle is a critical element for standardizing and enhancing the quality of nursing care through the utilization of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines by healthcare professionals. Therefore, adopting these evidence-based approaches will improve the consistency and quality of nursing care, enhance patient outcomes, and reduce institutional costs. Moreover, the use of care bundles during interventions promotes teamwork and collaboration while supporting the development of a common language (Anderson et al., 2015; Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2021). This study aims to reduce PIs, enhance the quality of patient care, lower healthcare costs, and improve overall patient outcomes through the development and implementation of a nursing care bundle based on evidence in the literature. The widespread use of the care bundle, grounded in achieved outcomes, will contribute to the prevention of PIs. Additionally, it will serve as a supportive tool for nurses to improve the quality of care.

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the analgesic efficacy of thoracal paravertebral block (TPVB) and serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block (SPSIPB) in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The main questions it aims to answer are: How will the total perioperative opioid consumption of the patients receiving two different blocks change? How will TPVB and SPSIPB effect the patients' numeric rating scores for pain in the postoperative 24-hour period? How will TPVB and SPSIPB effect the incidence of opioid related side effects? Participants will be divided in two groups: TPVB group will receive a TPVB before the surgery. SPSIPB group will receive a SPSIPB nerve block before the surgery. Researchers will compare the results between the groups to see the postoperative effects concerning opioid consumption as well as the pain scores, respiratory parameters and opioid associated side effects. The hypothesis of this study is that participants receiving SPSIPB for VATS will have a less total opioid consumption 24 hours postoperatively.

Incorporating playful elements into medical devices has been shown to enhance the overall experience for pediatric patients. Children want a healthcare setting that is spacious, creative, imaginative, and contemporary. Additionally, a current retrospective study of 127,368 pediatric patients indicates that 71.26% of the visits involved children under five years old, and 23.64% of the cases were due to respiratory infections. This information highlights the prevalence of inhaler therapy in emergency departments, particularly among young children with respiratory issues. This study aims to evaluate the impact of using dragon/turtle-themed nebulizer masks on treatment application time, treatment adherence, and fear levels in children who present to emergency rooms. By addressing these environmental and procedural challenges, the study seeks to improve the overall experience and outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing inhaler therapy.

Pediatric oncology nurses are healthcare professionals who constantly communicate with children and their families for 24 hours, and take professional roles and responsibilities in areas such as care planning, a continuation of treatment, and symptom management.However, there is no standard undergraduate education program accepted worldwide in the field of pediatric oncology nursing. For example, undergraduate nursing education in Türkiye is carried out in line with the Nursing National Core Education Program (NNCEP), and information about pediatric oncology nursing is included in the curriculum of specific courses in undergraduate programs. In addition, nurses graduate without specializing in any field in our country. Therefore, the education of pediatric oncology nurses and the continuity of education is an essential problem in developing and low-middle-income countries like our country. This prospective study in randomized controlled pre-test-post-test design aimed to develop an online website consisting of information and support modules for the care of children with cancer for sustainable pediatric oncology nursing education in Türkiye.