Clinical trials

The goal of this observational cross-sectional study is to assess the prevalence and stage of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), specifically liver steatosis and fibrosis in adults aged 18 and older living with type 1 diabetes or Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) in Quebec. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. What is the prevalence and severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis among people living with type 1 diabetes in Québec? 2. Are there patients with type 1 diabetes who have advanced, undiagnosed stages of liver disease that require management but are missed by current standard care practices? Researchers will compare three participant subgroups based on adiposity (a control group without increased adiposity, an overweight group with increased adiposity, and an obesity group with increased adiposity) to see if the prevalence and severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis are highest in the obesity group and lowest in the control group. They will also explore if variables and potential risk factors associated with liver disease differ across these subgroups. Participants will attend a single study visit where they will be asked to: * Provide clinical data through laboratory analyses. * Undergo specific clinical procedures. * Complete validated questionnaires.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how different temperatures affect blood sugar levels in adults with type 1 diabetes. Climate change is causing more extreme hot and cold weather, and people with type 1 diabetes may be at higher risk during these temperature changes. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Do different temperatures (cold, normal, or hot) change blood sugar levels in people with type 1 diabetes? * How does temperature affect insulin absorption in the body? Researchers will compare three different temperature conditions to see how each affects blood sugar levels and insulin in the body. Participants will: * Complete a screening visit with body measurements and questionnaires * Attend 3 separate study visits, each in a different temperature setting: * Cold room (10°C/50°F) * Normal room temperature (23°C/73°F) * Hot and humid room (36°C/97°F with 65% humidity) * Sit for 2 hours in each temperature condition while researchers monitor their blood sugar, heart rate, and body temperature * Wear a continuous glucose monitor for 48-72 hours before each visit * Keep a diary of food, sleep, and activity for 24 hours before and after each visit Each temperature visit is separated by at least 3 days. The study helps researchers understand if people with type 1 diabetes need special guidance for managing their blood sugar during extreme weather.

Every 3 minutes a new case of diabetes is diagnosed in Canada, mostly type 2 diabetes (T2D) increasing the risk for heart disease. T2D and heart disease share many common risk factors such as aging, obesity and unhealthy lifestyle. Paradoxically however, while lowering blood LDL, commonly known as "bad cholesterol", is protective against heart disease, research over the past 10 years have shown that the lower is blood LDL, the higher is the chance of developing T2D. This phenomena is happening whether blood LDL is lowered by a common drug against heart disease called Statins, or by being born with certain variations in genes, some of which are very common (\~80% of people have them). To date, it is unclear why lowering blood LDL is associated with higher risk for diabetes, and whether this can be treated naturally with certain nutrients. Investigators believe that lowering blood LDL by forcing LDL entry into the body tissue through their receptors promotes T2D. This is because investigators have shown that LDL entry into human fat tissue induces fat tissue dysfunction, which would promote T2D especially in subjects with excess weight. On the other hand, investigators have shown that omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) can directly treat the same defects induced by LDL entry into fat tissue. Omega-3 is a unique type of fat that is found mostly in fish oil. Thus the objectives of this clinical trial to be conducted in 48 subjects with normal blood LDL are to explore if: 1. Subjects with higher LDL receptors and LDL entry into fat tissue have higher risk factors for T2D compared to subjects with lower LDL receptors and LDL entry into fat tissue 2. 6-month supplementation of omega-3 from fish oil can treat subjects with higher LDL receptors and LDL entry into fat tissue reducing their risk for T2D. This study will thus explore and attempt to treat a new risk factor for T2D using an inexpensive and widely accessible nutraceutical, which would aid in preventing T2D in humans.

In clinical practice, women living with type 1 diabetes frequently report that insulin requirements change across the menstrual cycle. Consequently, glycemic fluctuations are observed. This phenomenon could be explained by a decrease in insulin sensitivity during the second half of the menstrual cycle (luteal phase). Overall, despite an important proportion of women reporting glycemic and/or insulin variations across the menstrual cycle, studies to date have involved small sample sizes, and have had inconsistent results. The objective of this study will be to study glycemic fluctuations across the menstrual cycle using CGM data, alongside insulin data, in a large sample of women.

The aim of this study will be to evaluate the feasibility of an autoantibody-based type 1 diabetes screening program for first degree relatives of people living with type 1 diabetes within the province of Quebec. Feasibility of follow-up strategies of "at-risk" individuals will also be assessed. This project will be divided into two phases, with the aim to evaluate: 1. The feasibility of a IAb (islet antibody)-based screening process for first degree relatives of people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). 2. The feasibility of two approaches for follow-up monitoring in case of positive screening: centralized (within the organization) and decentralized approach (relying on individuals' healthcare providers), in the Quebec province setting. Participants will come to the laboratory for blood sample collection, medical history and genetic risk score assessment, as well as anthropometric and cutaneous advanced glycated end (AGE) products measurements. A series of questionnaires will be completed. After screening results are obtained (i.e., presence or absence of IAbs), a virtual visit will be conducted to communicate results to participants. A positive result for IAb will warrant a second test for confirmation , using WBD within 3 months of initial screening. After IAb positivity confirmation, participants will be invited to participate in phase 2 of this project (monitoring). Participants will be given the opportunity to select either a centralized or decentralized path for study monitoring. Follow-up will be dependent of the stage of T1D: * Participants in pre-stage 1 or stage 1 (2 or more positive IAbs without dysglycemia) T1D will receive a follow-up phone call six months after the initial screening. * Participants in stage 2 (2 or more positive IAbs with dysglycemia) will be contacted one month after screening.

The REMODAL trial is a randomized crossover study aiming to update treatment guidelines for mild hypoglycemia in people with Type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology. The study will assess whether treating mild hypoglycemia proactively (at a glucose threshold of 5.0 mmol/L) with lower doses of carbohydrate (CHO) is more effective than the traditional reactive approach (treatment at \< 4.0 mmol/L). The goal is to reduce hypoglycemia frequency and improve quality of life, while minimizing caloric intake and rebound hyperglycemia.

A registry of individuals with type 1 diabetes open to all patients with type 1 diabetes living in Canada will be established. The objective of this registry will be to measure the frequency and the severity of episodes of hypoglycemia. Participants will be invited to answer questionnaires about the frequency of their hypoglycemic episodes, their fear about hypoglycemia, their symptoms of hypoglycemia, the factors in cause (insulin therapy, nutrition, exercise, etc.), etc. Participation to the registry is divided in 3 phases. The first phase is mandatory for all participants. Phases 2 and 3 are optional.

Cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most important emerging complication after pulmonary complications. This specific form of diabetes is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. CFRD prevalence at the age of 10 is 10% and reaches 40 to 50% in adulthood, while a similar percentage is afflicted with milder dysglycemia also called pre-diabetes abnormalities. In order to identify patients at risk and to implement early therapeutic measures, an annual CFRD screening test is recommended for CF patients after 10 years of age. The standard 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the recommended screening test. However, this test is perceived by both patients and CF care teams as unpleasant while adding a significant burden and workload, resulting in screening rates lower than 50% in most centers. An ideal alternative test should be simpler, less invasive, more sensitive than an OGTT to establish risks for lung function and/or nutritional deterioration, and predict future CFRD risk. To date, compared to the OGTT, no alternative screening method has demonstrated its effectiveness. However, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is emerging as a possible alternative method. In patients living with CF, CGM is easy to use and can identify early dysglycemia, which in turn, can predict increased risk of accelerated decline of pulmonary function and/or weight, higher risk of pseudomonas colonization, and future risk of CFRD. However, these observations are based on studies of small sample size with very limited prospective data. Furthermore, many of the multiple CGM metrics that have been standardized are based on the risk of complications associated with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Thus, there is a need for prospective studies to identify the CGM metrics and the cut-off level that is relevant as a predictor of clinical deterioration and/or CFRD risk in CF. The identification of such CF-specific criteria would provide important information to target at-risk patients.